CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
Presented by
VICKY KUMAR BAITHA
ME MODULAR 2021 BATCH
(Roll no-211514)
Under the supervision of
Dr. PIYUSH VERMA

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

NITTTR CHANDIGARH
►Research can be classified on the basis of two criterion
1. On the basis of purpose
 On the basis of purpose research can be of four types
i. Basic research
ii. Applied research
iii. Action research
iv. Evaluation research
2. On the basis of method
On the basis of method research can be of following types
i. Historical research
ii. Descriptive research
(a) survey study______longitudinal and cross sectional
(b) content analysis
(c) case study method
iii. Correlational research
iv. Ex post facto research
v. Experimental research
  Basic Research :-
It`s Primary purpose is extension of
existing knowledge and development or refinement of theory.
It involves rigorous control of extraneous variables
Generally conducted in laboratory settings or in a
controlled situation
Generate new knowledge
 generalizability of finding is low
 Applied research :-
primary purpose is testing of theory or solving practical
problem.
Development of affecting product to use in the education
institute.
Generalizability of finding it high.
 Action research :-
It is a small scale intevention in the functioning of real world
and a close examination of the effect of such intervention.
Primary purpose is to solve immediate classroom problems.
Conducted for the purpose of solving specific/situational
problem in specific situation.
Conducted in real situation with no control.
Energy of finding is low.
Generalizability of finding is low.
It is under taken by the teachers to determine effectiveness
of teaching methodology.
 Evaluation research :-
It is used to collect the systematic data to help
educators to make decisions regarding the merit
worth or value of an education phenomena.
There are two types of evaluation
i. Formative evaluation 000
ii. Summative evolution 1

Formatting assessment is the assessment procedure

conducted by the teachers during the learning
process.
Summative evaluation is the assessment procedure
conducted by the teachers after the completion of
course or at the end of semester.
 Historical research:-
Involves the study understanding and explaining past
events.
Helps to arrive and the conclusion concerning causes
effect our trends of post occurrences that may help to
explain present event and anticipate future event.
Primary sources of data constitute first hand
knowledge secondary sources constitute second hand
information.
 Descriptive research
Involves the collecting data in order to test hypothesis
or answer question concerning the current status of
the subject of the study.
Data are collected through a question naire, an
interview or observation.
 Correlational Research:-
It is used to determine whether and to what degree a
relationship exists between two or more quantifible
variables.
Help to establish a relationship.
From the fact that two variables are highly related one
cannot conclude that one is the cause of other.
Degree of relationship between two variables is expressed
as a correlation coefficient which lies between 0 or 1.
There are three types of correlation
i. Positive correlation:-
If the value of two variables change in
same direction e.g if one variable is decreasing then another
variable is also decreasing the value of corrosion coefficient is +1.
 ii. Negative correlation:-
If the value of two variable change in
opposite direction e.g if one variable is decreasing then
another variable is increasing the value of correlation
co-efficient is -1.
iii. No or zero correlation:-
One variable do not have any relationship
with another variable the value of correlation coefficient is zero.
 Experimental research:-
At least one variable manipulated to study effect on
dependent variable.
Groups randomly formed to study comparisons.
control on variables exercised.
Used for establishing cause and effects relations.
 Survey research:-
Survey research is conducted to collect data from
members of population in order to determine current
status of that population with respect to one or more
variables.
Survey research is appropriate for
 Describing exiting phenomenon
 Justifying current condition
 Identifying problems
 making comparisons and evaluation
There are two types of Survey research
i. Population or census survey
ii. Sample Survey
 Case study research:-
A case study is an empirical enquiry that investigates a
contemporary phenomenon in its real life contest.
The purpose of case studies is to probe deeply and to
analyze intensively the multifarious phenomena that
constitute the life cycle of unity.
The main characteristics of case study research method
are:
 It is an intensive study of social unity.
 Observation is the primary technique of gathering
information.
 It examines a small number of unit but the number of
variables studies may be large.
 Case studies help the researcher to answer how & why
questions.
 Content analysis research:-
In order to assess the quality of interaction, resources,
question paper etc one need to carry out content analysis
research.
Content analysis is a technique used to systematically make
an objective and qualitative description of any content of
communication (verbal/non verbal).
The communication materials include both print and non
print medias, select books, reference materials, question
papers, researches etc.
THANK YOU