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Hydrological Modelling Through SWAT Model

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Hydrological Modelling Through SWAT Model

Uploaded by

kashikasri1114
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

A brief presentation

on
Hydrological Modelling through SWAT Model

Submitted to: Submitted by:


Prof. Dr. Alex Thomas Kashika K
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Soil and Water Conservation Engg.


15
Table of Contents:

 Introduction
 History
 Utilities
 Requirement of data
 Model Framework
 Procedure to run the model
 Limitations and Drawbacks
 Future Development of the Model
 References
INTRODUCTION

 Hydrological modelling is a technique for planning and development of integrated


approach for management of water resources.

 The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a small watershed to river basin-
scale model developed by the united states department of agriculture ,
Agricultural research Services (USDA – ARS)
Fig1.Schematic of SWAT development History with the SWAT adaptations
 The model breaks the entire catchment into sub-catchments which are further divided into
HRUs ( Land use, Vegetation and Soil Characteristics).

 It is semi distributed , physically and process- based and data driven river basin model.
 It is a continuous time model that operates on a daily time step.

 It is computational efficient and capable of continuous simulation over long time period.
 SWAT is a public domain software enabled model activity supported by
the USDA, Agricultural Research Service at the Blackland Research And
Extension centre in Texas, USA

 GO TO SWAT WEBSITE: https://swat.tamu.edu/


UTILITIES

The utility of SWAT model is extensively vast in all hydrological fields.

 SWAT model is used to run hydrological models to get water balance ratios like: stream
flow-precipitation ratio, base flow-total flow ratio, ET-precipitation ratio etc.

 It provides maximum sediment yield.

 In reservoir models, it provides average values of trapping efficiency, water losses, and
reservoir trends.

 SWAT model also deals with nitrogen and phosphorus cycle, plant growth, landscape
and nutrient losses, land use summary etc.
Data Requirement:

The input data used by this model are:


 Daily rainfall data,
 Maximum and minimum air temperature,
 Solar radiation,
 Relative air humidity and
 Wind speed used
 Using the above data, water and sediment circulation and vegetation growth and
nutrients circulation. Based on the amount of precipitation and mean daily air
temperature, rate of snowfall can be determined.
Model Framework
Calculation of Runoff volume( Land Phase)

 SCS-CN METHOD:
 The runoff volume(Q) resulting from a given rainfall storm(P) is calculated using the
following formula:

 The retention Parameter(S) is calculated above.


 Curve number (CN):
 Peak Runoff Rate Method:
 Peak runoff rate (Q):
qpeak: C. I . Area/ 3.6 where,

C=runoff coefficient

 Time of Concentration ( Tconc.): I =intensity (mm/hr)

tconc = 0.01947*L0.77*S -0.385 A= subbasin area (km2)


In order to obtain accurate forecasting of water, nutrient and sediment circulation,, it is
necessary to stimulate hydrologic cycle which integrates overall water circulation in the
catchment area and hence the model uses the following water balance equation in the
catchment.

SWt = Swo + 𝛴ti=1 (Rv – Qs – Wseepage – ET – Qgw)

Where SWt is the humidity of soil, Swo is the base humidity of the soil, Rv is the rainfall volume,
Qs is the surface runoff, Wseepage is the seepage of water from soil to underlying layers, ET is
evapotranspiration, Qgw is groundwater runoff, t is time in days.
 Routing Phase
Muskingum routing method S= KQ+ KX ( I-Q)
Variable storage method

 SWAT uses manning’s equation to define the rate and velocity of flow.
Complete SWAT model project setup
Limitations and Drawbacks of SWAT

 The main weakness of this model is a non spatial representation ( site specific, not
robust model) of the HRU inside each subcatchment.This also kept the model simple
and supported application of the model to almost every catchment.
 Wide range of different data needs to be obtained to run the model and the
numerous parameters needed tp be modified during the which needs a lot of
patience to deal with.
 The model doesn’t allow simulation of multicultural plants communities which are
common in organic farming, grasslands, and forests as they were originally
developed for monocultures.
Future development of the model

 Some users have addressed weakness in swat by component modifications, which


support more accurate simulation of specific process or regions, or by interfacing the
swat with other models. Both of these trends are expected to continue.
 The swat model will continue to evolve in response to the needs of the ever
increasing worldwide user community and to provide improved simulation accuracy
of key processes.
 A major challenge of the ongoing of the evolution of the model will be meeting the
desire for additional spatial complexity while maintaining ease of model use. This
goal will be kept in focus as the model continues to develop in the future.
References:

 [1] Gassman, P. W. et al (2007) . “The soil and water assessment tool:


 historical development, applications, and future research directions.”
 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ISSN 0001-
 2351, Vol. 50(4): 1211-1250.
 [2] J. R. Williams and J. G. Arnold. (2010) “History of Model
 Development at Temple, Texas” Presentation.
 https://swat.tamu.edu/docs/swat/conferences/2010/presentations/Opening.
 Williams.pdf
 [3] Gayathri K Devi, Ganasri B P, Dwarakish G S (2015).” A Review on
 Hydrological Models.” Aquatic Procedia 4 ( 2015 ) 1001 – 1007.
 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia.
 [5] SWAT Manual. https://swat.tamu.edu/documentation/
 [6]"SWAT: Soil & Water Assessment Tool". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 1
 March 2012.

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