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CLAIMS

Reading and Writing

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22 views24 pages

CLAIMS

Reading and Writing

Uploaded by

Reign
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACT: 1

INSTRUCTION: IDENTIFY WHICH TYPE OF CLAIM THE


STATEMENT IS MAKING AND PUT A CHECK (/) INSIDE THE
BOX NEXT TO EACH SENTENCE.

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ARE YOU A CRITICAL READER? WHAT
DO YOU DO AFTER READING A CERTAIN
TEXT? DO YOU PRACTICE TO MAKE
JUDGEMENT OF WHAT YOU ARE
READING? THIS IS ACTUALLY ASKING
YOURSELF ABOUT WHAT IS THE POINT
OF THE AUTHOR? WHAT DOES HE
MEAN BY HIS ARGUMENT?
If you are able to distinguish the
information that is clearly stated it is called
Explicit. The idea from the texts which are
not visible, or shall we say suggested is
called Implicit.

3
WHAT IS CRITICAL
READING?
Critical reading - involves
presenting a reasoned
argument that evaluates and

analyzes what you have read.


To read critically
means understanding
the writer’s opinion
and interpretation

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1. What the text says:
2. What the text describes:
3. What is the
interpretation of the text:

7
DEFINING CLAIMS

Critical Reading requires us to


scrutinize the text we have read
before making valuable judgment.

8
When we read, we look for the main
points of the chosen topic. This is now
what we call CLAIMS which is the
central argument or thesis statement of
the text.

Claims are usually found in the


introduction
of the paragraph
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Tiongson (2016) gave the following
characteristics of good claims:

1. A claim should be argumentative and


debatable. It is expected for a written text to
yield objections and opposite perspectives to
appear for readers of a text that supports a
certain stand on a topic.

2. A claim should be specific and focused. With


the statement of claim limiting the scope of the
written text. 10
3. A claim should be interesting and
engaging.

4. A claim should be logical

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Different types claims
Claims of Fact - is from the word itself “factual” which means from
something that has existed. It’s a quantifiable assertion or a
measurable topic.

Claims of fact usually answer the question “what”.

Factual claims- attempt to persuade you that something has to be


explained. The following are used in making claims of fact, words
such as in the past or in the future and causal terms like; leads to,
improves, destroys or it is caused by.
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Types of factual claims (generally "objective")
1.Factual / historical
2.Relational - causal connections
3.Predictive

Proof requires:
• sufficient and appropriate grounds
• reliable authority
• recent data
• accurate, typical data
• clearly defined terms -no loaded language
• a clear distinction between fact and inference
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Examples:

1. Smoking can cause cancer.


2. Death penalty leads to fewer crimes.
3. Generally, obesity causes health
problems.

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Claims of Value- is a statement that approves or
disapproves of something. It attempts to explain
issues about moral and philosophical values of the
topic.

When trying to find value, look for terms like


valuable, beautiful, interesting, good or bad, evil,
right or wrong, superior, best or worse.
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Proof requires:
• Establishing standards of evaluation (i.e. a warrant
that defines what constitutes instances of the relevant
value)
• note the priority of the value in this instance
• Establish the advantage (practical or moral) of your
standards
• Use examples to clarify abstract values
• Use credible authorities for support

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The famous saying, honesty is the
best policy, is one good example of a
claim of value.

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Examples:

1. Smoking is unhealthy.
2. Gay marriage is immoral.
3. Cheating is not good
Claims of Policy is a statement which
persuades you or the government to take
some actions or change a behavior
usually to solve a problem.

You can easily claim policy with words


like “should” “ought to” or “must”.

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Proof requires:
 Making proposed action (clear), need
(justification), plan (must be workable),
benefit (advantages) consider opposition /
counter arguments.

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To attract more non-traditional students, this
college must review and revise its course
offerings.

The given statement above is an example


of a claim of policy. It calls on action for
the college referred to, regarding its
course offerings to arrive at a workable
conclusion which is to attract more non-
traditional students. 21
Examples:

1. You must send your children to public


schools.
2. Cell Phones should not be used while
driving.
3. Local Malls should not open during the
general community quarantine.

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CHECK THIS OUT!

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It is important to remember that:
✔ Explicit meaning of text is showing full details without hidden information. Ideas that are not clearly stated or
suggested is called implicit meaning.
✔ Critical reading involves presenting a reasoned argument that evaluates and analyses what you have read.
Being critical, therefore-is an academic sense- means understanding fully, not dismissing and therefore closing
off learning.
✔ CLAIMS is the central argument or thesis statement of the text.
✔ Claims of Fact is from the word itself “factual” which means from something that has existed. It’s a
quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic. They assert that something that has existed, exists, will exist based
on data.
✔ Claims of Value is a statement that approves or disapproves of something. It attempts to explain issues about
moral and philosophical values of the topic. It actually points out that some values are less desirable compared to
others. They make judgment based on certain standards, right from wrong, good to bad, or similar.
✔ Claims of Policy is a statement which persuade you or the government to take some actions or change a
behavior usually to solve a problem.

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