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Chapter 3

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24 views

Chapter 3

Uploaded by

markleyjade25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARLY ME T H O D S O F

D ET E C T I N G D E C E P T IO N
CHAPTER 3
ORDEAL

IS A TERM OF VARIOUS MEANINGS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE MEDIEVAL LATIN


“DEI INDICUM” MEANING “MIRACULOUS DECISIONS” FOR ANCIENT CASES
WERE DECIDED THROUGH SEVERAL TESTS USUALLY ON PHYSICAL STRENGTH.
RED HOT IRON ORDEAL. THIS IS THE ORDEAL THAT IS PRACTICED IN THE HILL TRIBE OF RAJMAL IN NORTH
BENGAL. THE ACCUSED PLACES HIS TONGUE TO A HOT IRON NINE TIMES (9) UNLESS BURNED SOONER.
SOMETIMES THE ACCUSED ALSO IS MADE TO CARRY THE METAL IN HIS HANDS. IF BURNED, THE ACCUSED
IS PUT TO DEATH.

ORDEAL BY BALANCE. THIS IS PRACTICED IN THE INSTITUTE OF VISHNU, INDIA. THIS ORDEAL IS MAKES
USE OF A SCALE OF BALANCE WHEREIN HE ACCUSED AND ACCUSER SHALL BE PLACED IN BOTH ENDS OF THE
BALANCE (SEESAW LIKE). THE PERSON TO BE ADJUDGED LIGHTER THAN THE OTHER SHALL BE ACQUITTED.
ON THE OTHER HAND, THE PERSON TO BE ADJUDGED GUILTY IS THE ONE HEAVIER.
ORDEAL BY BOILING WATER. THIS ORDEAL IS USED TO POINT THE THIEF IN MODERN AFRICA. THE SUBJECTS
PLUNGED THEIR RIGHT ARMS INTO THE BOILING POT TO THE ELBOW AND STEP TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE
FIRE. ALL ARE TOLD TO UNDERGO THE TESTS WITHOUT MURMURING. THE ONE BY THE TIME HAS LOST SOME
OR SHOWED BLISTERS WOULD PROVE THAT HE OR SHE IS THE THIEF.

ORDEAL BY RICE CHEWING. THE ORDEAL IS USED TO DETERMINE WHO IS TELLING THE TRUTH OR LYING.
THIS IS PRACTICED IN INDIA. IT IS FORMED WITH THE KIND OF RICE CALLED “SATHEE”, PREPARED WITH
VARIOUS INCANTATIONS.
ORDEAL OF THE RED WATER. THIS ORDEAL IS USED IN EASTERN AFRICA. THE ACCUSED
SHALL BE REQUIRED TO FAST FOR TWELVE HOURS. HE SHALL E REQUIRED TO SWALLOW
SMALL AMOUNT OF COOKED RICE AND BE GIVEN EMETIC RED WATER EXTRACTED FROM
THE SASSY TREE BARK.

TRIAL BY COMBAT. THIS ORDEAL ORDERS A FIGHT BETWEEN THE ACCUSER AND THE ACCUSED. WHOEVER
LOST THE FIGHT WILL BE ADJUDGED GUILTY. THE ONE WHO WINS THE FIGHT AT THE SAME TIME WINS THE
CASE.
ORDEAL BY DRINKING DECOCTION. THE ORDEAL THAT REQUIRES THE ACCUSED TO BE
GIVEN A DECOCTION TO DRINK BY A PRIEST. IF THE ACCUSED WAS HARMLESS AFTER
DRINKING THE DECOCTION, THEN HE IS INNOCENT BUT IF HE DIES, HE IS GUILTY.

ORDEAL BY EATING CORSNEAD. THIS ORDEAL IS PRACTICED IN CHINA AND ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT. THE
ACCUSED IS GIVEN UNCOOKED DRY RICE TO SWALLOW AND AFTERWHICH SPIT OUT THE SAME. IF THE
ACCUSED
SPITS OUT THE RICE TO BE STILL DRY, HE IS CONSIDERED INNOCENT.
ORDEAL BY THE EUCHARIST. THIS ORDEAL IS RESERVED FOR THE CLERGY AND
ADMINISTERED WITH POMP AND CEREMONY IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
THE ACCUSED WILL BE GIVEN ANY LIQUID FOOD THAT MAY CAUSE DEATH TO
ANY PERSON.

ORDEAL OF THE BIER. THIS ORDEAL IS APPLIED TO A MYSTERY DEATH OF A PERSON. THE CORPSE WILL BE
BROUGHT ON A BIER OF BOUGHS AFTER WHICH THE NATIVES WILL ASK THE CORPSE HE/SHE HAS BEEN
BEWITCHED. IF THE VICTIM DIED BY WITCHCRAFT, THE BIER IS SUPPOSED TO KNOW MORE AND IF THE
SORCERER WHO KILLED HIM IS PRESENT, THE CORPSE WILL TOUCH HIM/HER.
ORDEAL BY HEAT AND FIRE. IN THIS ORDEAL, THE ACCUSED IS COMPELLED TO
WALK IN BARE FOOT THROUGH THE FIRE, IF HE REMAINS UNHURT THEN HE IS
INNOCENT.

ORDEAL BY BOILING OIL OR WATER. THE ACCUSED IS FORCED TO DIP HIS HAND INTO THE BOILING WATER
OR OIL AND ASK TO PICK UP STONE IN IT. IF THE ACCUSED PICKED UP THE STONE PLACED IN THE BOILING
OIL/WATER UNHURT, THE ACCUSED IS INNOCENT, OTHERWISE HE IS GUILTY.
ORDEAL BY USING RED HOT NEEDLE. THIS IS THE ORDEAL USED TO DETERMINE IF THE
ACCUSED OR ANY PERSON IS TELLING A LIE OR NOT. A RED HOT NEEDLE SHALL BE DRAWN
THROUGH THE LIPS OF THE ACCUSED.

ORDEAL OF THE TIGER. THIS IS THE ORDEAL THAT MAKES USE OF A TIGER TO BE SET LOOSE TOWARDS THE
ACCUSED AND THE ACCUSER PLACED TOGETHER. THE ONE THAT SPARES OR UNTOUCHED BY THE TIGER IS
CONSIDERED INNOCENT. IF BOTH WERE SPARED, FURTHER ELIMINATION WILL FOLLOW.
ORDEAL BY COMBAT. THIS IS THE ORDEAL THAT WAS VIVIDLY DRAMATIZED IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“IVANHOE” THAT WAS BASED FROM THE NOVEL OF THE SAME TITLE THAT BECAME THE ONLY LEGAL ORDEAL
THAT WAS PRACTICED IN ENGLAND DURING THE REIGN OF HENRY III.

ORDEAL OF THE CROSS. THE ORDEAL THAT LETS THE ACCUSER AND ACCUSED TO STAND WITH ARMS CROSSED

ON THEIR BREASTS INFRONT OF ATLEAST 3 DESIGNATED ADJUDICATOR. THE ONE WHO ENDURES THE LONGER

IS DEEMED TO HAVE TOLD THE TRUTH.


ORDEAL BY WAXEN SHIRT. THE ACCUSED IS DRESSED WITH CLOTH COVERED WITH WAX AND REQUIRED TO
WALK IN BAREFOOT OVER BURNING COALS. IF UNHURT THROUGH THE FIRE AND THE WAX DID NOT ELT, THE
ACCUSE IS INNOCENT, OTHERWISE GUILTY.

ORDEAL OF THE DONKEY’S TAIL. AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY, A DONKEY IS PLACED IN A ROOM ALONE
AND IT WILL BE OBSERVED. IF THE DONKEY CRIED OR MADE NOISE INSIDE THE ROOM, A JUDGMENT OF GUILT
IN THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES IS PRESUMED.

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