Scribd
Upload
11 views19 pages

Life Process I (Cell Cycle)

Uploaded by

kamalagale2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views19 pages

Life Process I (Cell Cycle)

Uploaded by

kamalagale2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Life Processes I

Cell Cycle
Introduction

• Most cells in an organism go through


a cycle of growth, development, and
division called the cell cycle.
• The cell cycle makes it possible for
organisms to grow and develop to
replace cells that are old or damaged
to produce new cells
• The cell division has two stages:
Stage 1: the contents of the nucleus divide (nuclear division -
Karyokinesis)
Stage 2: the cytoplasm divides (Cytoplasmic division -
Cytokinesis)
Mitosis
• Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce
two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical to itself.
• In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the part of the division process in which
the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes.
• Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase.
• These phases occur in strict sequential order, and cytokinesis - the process of
dividing the cell contents to make two new cells - starts in anaphase or telophase.

Pee on the MAT


PROPHASE

• The chromosomes start to condense (making them easier to


pull apart later on).
• The mitotic spindle begins to form.
• The spindle grows between the centrosomes as they move
apart.
• The nucleolus (or nucleoli, plural), a part of the nucleus
where ribosomes are made, disappears.
• The nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing the
chromosomes.
• This is a sign that the nucleus is getting ready to break
down.
METAPHASE

Chromosomes align at the equator and spindle


fibres attach to the centromere of the
chromosomes.
ANAPHASE

• The sister chromatids of


each pair are pulled towards
opposite ends of the cell.
TELOPHASE

Cytoplasm divides in this stage


Meiosis
• Meiosis is a type of cell division
that reduces the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell by
half and produces four gamete
cells.
• This process is required to produce
egg and sperm cells for sexual
reproduction.
Stages of Meiosis

Meiosis I – Reductional division


Homologous pair of chromosomes separates
Two haploid daughter cells are formed
Meiosis II – Same as mitosis
Two haploid cells formed in meiosis undergo
this division
Each of the two daughter cells forms two new
daughter cells. All are haploid
Sister chromatids get separated
Stages of Prophase 1

Crossing over or genetic recombination takes place at Pachytene but is visible as chiasma in
Diplotene
Metaphase I
• During metaphase I, homologue pairs—not individual
chromosomes—line up at the metaphase plate for
separation.
Anaphase I
• In anaphase I, the homologues are pulled apart and move apart to
opposite ends of the cell. The sister chromatids of each chromosome,
however, remain attached to one another and don't come apart.
Telophase I
• In telophase I, the chromosomes arrive
at opposite poles of the cell.
• In some organisms, the nuclear
membrane re-forms and the
chromosomes decondense, although in
others, this step is skipped—since cells
will soon go through another round of
division, meiosis II.
• Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same
time as telophase I, forming two haploid
daughter cells
Meiosis II
Prophase II
• During prophase II, chromosomes condense and the nuclear
envelope breaks down, if needed.
• The centrosomes move apart, the spindle forms between them, and
the spindle microtubules begin to capture chromosomes.
Metaphase II
• In metaphase II, the chromosomes line up individually along the
metaphase plate
Anaphase II
• In anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards
opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase II
• In telophase II, nuclear membranes
form around each set of
chromosomes, and the
chromosomes decondense.
• Cytokinesis splits the chromosome
sets into new cells, forming the
final products of meiosis: four
haploid cells in which each
chromosome has just one
chromatid.
Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

You might also like