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Lesson 1 Understanding Disaster

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6 views

Lesson 1 Understanding Disaster

Uploaded by

Chrisheil Clemente Acal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

DOMINIC INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY INC.

disaster readiness
and risk reduction
understanding
disaster
disaster
Disaster is a “sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes
great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and
property”.

TWO ELEMENTS AFFECTED

• LIFE - whether human or animal


• PROPERTY
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO, 2008) :

Disaster is a “serious disruption of the functioning of a


community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses and impacts,
which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using it’s own resources”.
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction defines disaster as:

“A serious disruption of the functioning of a


community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS

• MINOR DAMAGE such as broken windows and


doors
• MAJOR DAMAGE such as torn rooftops and
collapsed walls
• TOTAL DESTRUCTION such as completely
destroyed houses and structures rendering them
useless and inhabitable
• DEATH
IMPACTS OF DISASTER

• Loss of life
• Injury
• Disease
• Negative effects on human physical, mental, and
social well being
• Damage to properties
• Destruction of assets
• Loss of services
• Social and economic disruptions
• Environment degradation
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS

• NATURAL DISASTERS - a natural phenomenon is


caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes,
typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires,
tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be
classified as rapid onset disasters and those with
progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to
famine.
• MAN-MADE - Disasters caused by man are those
in which major direct causes are identifiable
intentional or non-intentional human actions.
THREE CATEGORIES

• TECHNOLOGICAL/INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS -
Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety
standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.

EXAMPLE: leaks of hazardous materials; accidental


explosions; bridge or road collapses, or vehicle collisions;
Power cuts
THREE CATEGORIES

2. TERRORISM / VIOLENCE - the threat of terrorism


has also increased due to the spread of technologies
involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to
develop weapons of mass destruction.

EXAMPLE : bombs or explosions; release of chemical


materials; release of biological agents; release of
radioactive agents; multiple or massive shootings;
mutinies
THREE CATEGORIES

3. COMPLEX HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES - the


term complex emergency is usually used to describe the
humanitarian emergency resulting from an international
or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people
are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal
safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including
food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or
communities are left stranded and isolated in their own
homes unable to access assistance.
THREE CATEGORIES

3. COMPLEX HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES

EXAMPLE: conflicts or wars and Genocide the


deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially
those of a particular ethnic group or nation
REMEMBER!

The damage caused by disaster cannot be measured. It


also differs with the kind of geographical location,
climate, earth’s specific characteristics, and level of
vulnerability. These determining factors affect
generally the psychological, socio – economic,
political, and ethnical state of the affected area.
RISK AND DISASTER RISK

RISK is defined as “the combination of the probability


of an event and its negative consequences” (UNISDR,
2009). The term risk is thus multidisciplinary and is
used in a variety of contexts. It is usually associated
with the degree to which humans cannot cope (lack of
capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard).
RISK AND DISASTER RISK

DISASTER RISK refers to the potential (not actual


and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status,
livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a
community or society over some specified future time
period. Disaster risk is the product of the possible
damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability
within a community. It should be noted that the effect
of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect
communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).
RISK AND DISASTER RISK

DISASTER RISK

It can also be determined by the presence of three


variables: hazards (natural or anthropogenic);
vulnerability to a hazard; and coping capacity linked to
the reduction, mitigation, and resilience to the
vulnerability of a community.
END

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