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National Education Policy (NEP) 2009: Presented by Maryam Tanveer

Strategic Environmental Assesment

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19 views24 pages

National Education Policy (NEP) 2009: Presented by Maryam Tanveer

Strategic Environmental Assesment

Uploaded by

Dafo Dills
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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National Education Policy (NEP)

2009

Presented By
Maryam Tanveer
Education:
• Education is the process of imparting or
acquiring knowledge developing the powers of
reasoning and judgments.

• Education is the most important factor which


plays a leading role in human development.

• Education plays an important role in the


development of any country.
What is Policy?
• A plan or course of action, as a government political party,
or business designed to influence and determine decisions,
actions and other matters.
Education Policy:
• Education policy is the principles and government policy-
making in educational sphere.
• It Is the collection of laws and rules that govern the
operation of education systems.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
• The colonial period did witness some progress in education.

• At independence, 85 percent of the population was illiterate.

• National Education Conference was convened the same


year.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
National Education Conference: 1947

• This conference emphasize on the following objectives:


 Provision of free and compulsory primary education.
 Opening of pre-primary schools and provision of proper
training of teachers.
• These objectives remained in documentary form only for
the lack of institutional or economic resources.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
First Five Year Plan (1955-1960)
• The plan stated the objectives:
 Provision of universal free primary education, Improvement
in the quality of education.
 The number of schools and trained teachers were also
proposed to be increased.
Efforts and expenditures of the decade 1955-60 failed to
produce the desired results.
Development of Education Policy in Pakistan:

Report of the Commission on National Education 1959


The commission recommended:
• Provision of compulsory primary education; ensure
community participation;
• Development of curriculum;
• Provision of in-service teacher training and
• two year teacher training after matriculation.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Second Five Year Plan: 1960-65
• The plan proposed to raise the proportion of children in
the 6-11 age group attending school from 42.3 to 50 per
cent by 1965.
• The target of enrolment was fully achieved, programme of
in-service training of primary school teachers were
started.
• It ensured to provide girls with separate education
facilities.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Third Five Year Plan: 1965-70

It envisaged:
• to increase enrolment from 45% in 1965 to 70% in 1970;
• Improve the education quality.
The rate of implementation remained low.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
The Education Policy: 1972-80

• It aimed at “eradicating illiteracy within the shortest possible


time through universalization of elementary education and a
massive adult education programme” .
• It aimed at “equalizing access to education through provision
of special facilities for women, under-privileged groups and
mentally-retarded .
Development of Education Policy in Pakistan:

National Education Policy and Implementation


Programme 1979
The policy objectives were:
• Attain universal primary education by 1986-87;
• Supply free textbooks; improve the quality of teacher
education;
• Train educational administrators and supervisors; and improve
the examination system.
Government of Pakistan in 1980 described that new curriculum
was introduced with emphasis on Islam and Ideology of
Pakistan.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Fifth Five Year Plan: 1978-83

• This plan focused on primary education and high priority was


also given to rapid expansion in girl’s education.

• The Literacy and Mass Education Commission (LAMEC) was


established in 1981.The commission aimed at providing mass
education.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Sixth Five Year Plan: 1983-88
It emphasized:
• Utilization of mosques to accommodate classes 1-3;
• Provision of separate girls schools and redesigning of teacher
education curricula.
• Projects launched included: Iqra projects , Mosque projects.
Government of Pakistan noted that considerable progress was
made in the education sector.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Seventh Five Year Plan: 1988-93
It envisaged:
• The universalization of primary education by 1992-93;
• Improvement in the quality of education;
• Legislation for compulsory primary education;
• Establishment of educational testing and measurement
services.
Government of Pakistan in (1993) analyzed that some
important policy initiatives proposed in the plan could not be
implemented.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
Eight Five Year Plan: 1993-98

It claimed to focus on
• Universal access to primary education; increase children
participation rate;
• Enforcement of compulsory primary schooling and
qualitative improvement of education system.
This plan did not achieve its goals due to lack of proper
methods for implementation of plan.
Development of Education Policy in
Pakistan:
National Education Policy: 1998-2010
Government of Pakistan stated the objectives:
• To integrate primary and middle level education into
elementary education;
• To enhance gross participation rate from existing 71% to 90% by
the year 2002-03 and 109% by 2010;
• To reduce disparities; to introduce uniform curricula; to raise
entry qualification of teachers and to reform examination
system.
Salient Features of National Education Policy
2009:
• Free and universal primary education by 2015 and up to class
10 by 2025.
• The allocation for education would be 7% of the national GDP
by 2015.
• The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by 2015.
• A common curricular framework shall be applied to
educational institutions in both the public and the private
sector.
• The level of public-sector schools will be lifted to match the
level of good private schools (The deadline for the task was
2010).
Cont…
• The curriculum from Class 1 onward shall comprise of English
(as a subject) Urdu, one regional language and mathematics,
along with an integrated subject.
• English shall be employed as the medium of instruction.
• For 5 years Provinces shall have the option to teach
mathematics and science in English or Urdu/ official regional
language, but after five years the teaching of these subjects
shall be in English only.
• Deeni Madaris (Islamic Schools) shall be mainstreamed by
introducing contemporary studies alongside the curricula of
Deeni Madaris.
Critical Analysis:

• The majority of the Provincial and District Education Managers


were not involved in policy formulation stage.
• The factors like poor economic condition, lack of political
commitment affect the implementation of policies.
• Lack of planning and proper utilization of the available funds.
Cont…

• Regional disparity is also one of the major


causes behind the failure of NEP’s.
• There is no proper system of examination.
• The allocation of funds for education is very
low.
• Poor coordination among various departments
engaged in policy making .
Conclusion:
• The educational system of Pakistan is based on
unequal lines.
• Gender Discrimination and Regional Disparity
are also the major causes of illiteracy.
• There is lack of technical education.
• Allocation of funds for education is very low.
• The major problem which the government
faces is the implementation.
Recommendations:
• Implementation instead of projecting policies, should be focused
on.
• Allocation of funds should be made easy from provinces to districts
and then to educational institutes.
• Workshops must be arranged for teachers.
• Good governance is a first pre-requisite factor to embark on the
very essence of policy to build up society.
Recommendations:

• Another necessary reform is to expand the


information and research base of education
in Pakistan.
• Another reform is to encourage decision-
making be based on educational, not political,
considerations.
• Integrated curriculum should be developed
after considering curriculum of elite schools.

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