Scribd
Upload
33 views22 pages

Biofuels in Pakistan

Uploaded by

Dafo Dills
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views22 pages

Biofuels in Pakistan

Uploaded by

Dafo Dills
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Biofuels Production in Pakistan

By
Dr. Hina Jabeen
Energy security

Energy security of any country means the


constant availability and supply of cost effective
energy sources for the consumers and industry
Energy for future
• The production of biofuels from locally grown sources and
utilizing them to replace the petroleum products is a
requirement for the management of existing energy crisis.
• Biofuel production is an emerging technology but extremely
important to meet the challenges of fossil fuel depletion and
global warming threats.
• Different countries, specially developed countries have
designed their policies of grants to promote biofuel and
environmental conditions.
• This lecture encompasses the importance and types of
biofuel while focusing on prospects in Pakistan
Potential Biofuel Feedstock in
Pakistan Biomass to Energy
• Biomass in important energy source due to
being:
 Renewable, cost effective, clean and reliable
• Biomass in Pakistan can exist as
 Agricultural wastes (rise husk, straw)
 Energy crops grown on marginal and saline
land

*Nowadays crop residues are combusted to


produce energy with lesser and clean emissions
Biofuel crops in Pakistan
• 25% of Pakistan’s land is cultivated for the
crops
e.g. wheat, corn, sugar cane, maize and cotton
• Pakistan energy needs to be doubled in next
20 years
• Fossil fuels are not enough to sustain future
needs
Biofuel planning and policy in Pakistan
‘’WISDOM’’
• The ―Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping (WISDOM)
is a spatial-explicit method
• Purpose of WISDOM
• highlighting and determining priority areas of involvement and supporting
• biomass energy/bioenergy planning and policy formulation.

• The WISDOM
• approach along with field and industry surveys will be used to study the
• biomass availability, annual seasonal variations in production, industrial &
household usage, and net CO2 emissions from its burning in province of
Punjab.
• A survey has been designed by the research associates to visit different
locations in Punjab to obtain biomass data and subsequent verification of
data.
Ethanol from molasses in Pakistan
• Sugar industry is 2nd largest after textile
• Pakistan ranks 5th in area under sugar cane
cultivation
• 7th in the sugar produced from sugar cane
• During 2009/10, sugar cane cultivation
increased upto million hectare area which
provides unlimited raw material for Pakistan’
87 sugar mills.
Ethanol production
• In Pakistan, ethanol produced from molasses (waste
of sugar industry)
• 22 distillaries in Pakistan
• Annual production of ethanol: 400,000 mln tonnes

• Types of ethanol in Pakistan


• Two types are produced in Pakistan
• Hydrous (94% ethanol)
• Fuel grade (99% or more)
Price of molasses in Pakistan = 6000-6500 /ton PKR
Price of ethanol= $1100/ton
Pakistan needs to develop strategies to utilize available molasses for the fuel grade ethanol
Which can further increase export value of ethanol biofuel to various countries worldwide
Potential of Pakistan sugar mills for biofuel
production
• All sugar mills in Pak can extend their facilities
to convert molasses to fuel grade ethanol
• Ethanol can further be used for the biogas
production
• The final effluent to be discharged from sugar
mills can also be used to produce algae
fuel/biomass as a treatment to meet the
environmental disposal standards in Pakistan.
Algae: As a potential source of
Biofuel/Biodiesel in Pakistan
• Main issues in Pakistan’s land:
• Salt affected soils
• Alternate fuel production
Contd..
• However, some unique marine algal species
can grow on salty water
Algae+sunlight + inorganic carbon=
biomass/biofuel
Moreover,
Algae growth leads to reduced soil salinity
Soil becomes ideal for cash crops cultivation
There is a need for innovative measures by introducing potential species
of algae as a crop for saline lands to cultivate the saline land beneficially in
Pakistan.

• Because of its salt-tolerant nature, marine algae have


potential to be cultivated on saline lands in Pakistan. This
would serve following important needs of Pakistan:
i. Reclamation of precious fertile land by using salts/salty water
from the surface and underground. It might be possible to
use that land for other cash crops after a specific number of
algae growing cycles.
ii. The algae treated salty water may also be used for irrigation
purposes but the final recommendation may be made after
experimental verification if it may not need any more
treatment before being utilized for irrigation purposes.
Contd….
• iii. A number of people/farmers may get back on their jobs to
• cultivate the saline lands using standard procedures after
• completion of this project.
• iv. Algae cells usually contain 15-30 per cent oil which may be
• converted into biodiesel to reduce the CO2 emissions
• v. Production of biodiesel may earn number of carbon credits
• for Pakistan
• vi. Environmental issues like brackish water, salinity and
• greenhouse gas emissions may be addressed properly using
• saline land for biofuel production.
Biofuels in Pakistan
• Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)
and Kijani Energy (KE), a sustainable energy
company of Canada, signed a memorandum of
understanding (MoU) to focus on the
development of large-scale cultivation of
Jatropha Curcas L (Jatropha), which was an
environmentally and cost-effective source of
bio-diesel.
Jatropha
Jatropha oil, which is pressed
from seeds collected from the
plant, could be used on its
own to power diesel
generators and cars, or it
could be further processed to
into environmentally safe and
cost-effective biodiesel.
Besides, its another by-
product – a seed paste –
could also be used as an
excellent organic fertilizer or
as a fuel in power generating.
Biofuel in Pakistan
Center for energy research and development
(CERAD), Lahore

Activities:
• Production of biodiesel from Jatropha
• Jatropha Curcas Plants are one acre area in OCT 2012, Progressing well and
by the mid of 2014 start seeding
• Research on micro algae is in progress. We have cultivated chlorella species
in laboratory growth under different conditions in progress.
• Production of bioethanol from agriculture waste.
• We are currently working on rice husk and corn cob and obtained good yield
of sugar.
• We are currently working on selection and culture of microorganisms for
fermentation
Summary of biofuel production

You might also like