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Coordination and Response Part Two

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Armaan Syed
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6 views18 pages

Coordination and Response Part Two

Uploaded by

Armaan Syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

PART 2
Tarakwa.M.E
THE EYE
External structure Internal structure
Functions of main parts of the eye
Cornea – refracts light.
Iris – controls how much light enters
pupil.
Lens – focuses light onto retina.
Retina – contains light receptors, some
sensitive to light of different colours.
Optic nerve – carries impulses to the
brain.
Control of light intensity
• The amount of light entering the eye is
controlled by a reflex action. The size of the
pupil changes in response to bright or dim
light. This is controlled by the muscles of the
iris.
• If the light intensity is high, it causes the
contraction of circular muscle in the iris.
• This reduces the size of the pupil and cuts
down the intensity of light entering the eye.
The pupil reflex
In bright light(high light intensity)
• Radial muscles of iris relaxes
• Circular muscles of iris contracts
• Pupil constricts
• In dim light(low light intensity)
• Radial muscles of the iris contracts
• Circular muscles of the iris relaxes
• The pupil dilates.
Summary of Responding to Changes in Light Intensity Table
Accommodation(focusing)
• Accomodation is the ability of the lens to
change its shape to focus near and distant
objects.
Accommodation for distant objects
• The ciliary muscles relax
• The suspensory ligament taut(tightens)
• The lens become thinner(less convex)
Accommodation for near objects
• The ciliary muscles contracts
• The suspensory ligament slackens
• The lens become thicker
Summary on accommodation

Muscle
Position of Ciliary Suspensory
tension on Lens shape
object muscles ligaments
lens

Near Contract Slackened Low Fat(thick)

Distant Relax Taut(tightened) High Thin


Rods and Cones
• Rods and cones are light-sensitive cells in the
retina.
• When stimulated they generate electrical
impulses, which pass to the brain along the optic
nerve.
• The cones enable us to distinguish colours, but the
rods are more sensitive to low intensities of light
and therefore play an important part in night vision
when the light intensity is not sufficient to
stimulate the cone cells.
• There are thought to be three types of cone
cell. One type responds best to red light, one
to green and one to blue.
• If all three types are equally stimulated we get
the sensation of white.
• The cone cells are concentrated in a central
part of the retina, called the fovea.
REVISION QUESTIONS

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