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Paper Chromatography by Group 4

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10 views24 pages

Paper Chromatography by Group 4

Uploaded by

incerdillama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Paper

Chromatography
by:Audrey Hannele ,Aimee,Elinam,Hannele, and
Charles .
TABLE OF CONTENTS

What is paper Types of


01. 03.
chromatography? chromatography

02. Retention factor 04. And more…


Different ways to separate different
substances

1. Simple distillation
2. Fractional distillation
3. Chromatography
4. Filtration
5. Crystallisation
6. Centrifugation
01.

WHAT IS PAPER
CHROMATOGRAPHY?
About paper chromatography……
Paper Chromatography is a technique used to
separate dissolved chemical substances by
taking advantage of their different rates of
migration across sheets of paper.
Retention
02.
factor….
The retention factor, also known as the Rf value,
is a measure of how far a particular component travels in a chromatographic
system.

It is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the component by the


distance traveled by the solvent front. The retention factor can help in
identifying and characterizing components in a mixture based on their
relative affinities for the stationary and mobile phases.
Types of
03. chromatography
There are four main types of chromatography. These are Liquid
Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography and
Paper Chromatography.

❏ Liquid Chromatography is used in the world to test water samples to


look for pollution in lakes and rivers. It is used to analyze metal ions
and organic compounds in solutions. Liquid chromatography uses
liquids which may incorporate hydrophilic, insoluble molecules.
Hydrophilic refers to having a strong affinity for water. Something that
is hydrophilic is soluble in water and dissolves into water very easily.
❏ Gas Chromatography is used in airports to detect bombs and is used is
forensics in many different ways. It is used to analyze fibers on a
person's body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene. In gas
chromatography helium is used to move a gaseous mixture through a
column of absorbent material.

❏ Thin-layer Chromatography uses an absorbent material on flat glass or


plastic plates. This is a simple and rapid method to check the purity of
an organic compound. It is used to detect pesticide or insecticide
residues in food. Thin-layer chromatography is also used in forensics to
analyze the dye composition of fibers .
TLC
Principles of paper
04. chromatography
❏ There is a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The stationary phase is the phase
that doesn't move and the mobile phase is the phase that does move.

❏ The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase picking up the compounds
to be tested. As the mobile phase continues to travel through the stationary phase
it takes the compounds with it.

❏ At different points in the stationary phase the different components of the


compound are going to be absorbed and are going to stop moving with the mobile
phase.

❏ The results of chromatography are gotten from the point at which the different
components of the compound stop moving and separate .
How to carry out
05. paper
chromatography
Steps to make a chromatogram
1. Draw a pencil line along the bottom of a sheet of chromatography paper.

2. Place a spot of the mixture you want to analyse on the middle of the line.

3. Place the sheet of paper in a beaker filled with a shallow layer of your solvent of
choice. Make sure the level of the solvent is below the pencil line.

4. Place a lid on the beaker and leave the solvent to travel up the paper, carrying the
components of the mixture with it.

5. When the solvent level almost reaches the top of the paper, remove the paper from the
beaker and mark the position of the solvent with another pencil mark.
❏ Preparation of the stationary phase: A piece of filter paper is used as
the stationary phase. The paper is cut into a strip and a small amount of
the sample mixture is spotted onto the paper near one end.

❏ Preparation of the mobile phase: A small amount of a suitable solvent,


such as water or alcohol, is added to a beaker or jar. The paper strip is
then immersed in the solvent, with the spotted end just above the
surface of the solvent.
This should
be called a
“Base line”
How to apply Paper
06. chromatography
❏ Liquid Chromatography is used to test water samples to look for
pollution.

❏ Gas chromatography is used to detect bombs in airports, identify and


quantify such drugs as alcohol and is used in forensics to compare
fibers found on a victim.

❏ Thin-Layer Chromatography is used to detect detecting pesticide or


insecticide residues in food. It’s also used in forensics to analyze the
dye composition of fibers.

❏ Paper chromatography is used to separating amino acids and anions,


RNA fingerprinting, separating and testing histamines, antibiotics.
Some definitions
Capillary action - Capillary action, commonly known as capillary effect or
motion, is when liquid flows through narrow spaces without external forces,
such as gravity; rather, the liquid's movement is aided by intermolecular
forces present in between the liquid and solid surface(s).

Backing gas - Backing gas is a shielding gas used on the underside of a weld
bead to protect it from atmospheric contamination.

Weld bead - it’s the joint-forming technique primarily used in the initial
stages of welding. A weld bead is created by depositing a filler material into
a joint between two pieces of metal.
References
Paper Chromatography: Definition, Method & Diagram

Paper chromatography - Principle, procedure, Applications on BYJU’S

What is Hydrophilic? - Definition from Corrosionpedia.

Chromatography

https://studymind.co.uk/questions/how-does-paper-chromatography-work/
THANKS
!
Do you have any questions?

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