Form 4 Science:

Chapter 4:
Green Technology in Sustainability of Nature

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Green Technology – the development and application of products, equipment
and systems to conserve the environment and nature

Solve the
Improve problem of
human health destruction of
and lifestyle the environment

Importance of
Green
Technology

Conserve the use of

Reduce carbon
natural resources by
emissions to
replacing it with the
the
use of renewable
environment
energy sources

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 • Energy
Four main pillars of natural • Environment
green technology policy • Economy
• Social

Energy Transportation

Industrial and
manufacturing
Building Seven sectors
of Green
Technology Agricultural and
forestry
Waste and wastewater management

Information and communication

technology (ICT)
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 Sectors Socio-scientific Issues Green technology
Energy sector • The use of fossil fuel- increase • Use of renewable energy (solar,
the content of greenhouse hydro, biomass) - to replace fossil
gases in the atmosphere – fuel in reducing carbon emissions
causes global warming and
climate change

Waste and • Food leftover not properly • Sorting of household waste has
wastewater disposed been carried out to reduce the
management • Chemical wastes and sewage disposal of recyclable materials and
disposed directly into rivers reduce solid waste in landfills
and seas that affected the • Run 5 R (refuse, reduce, reuse,
aquatic life recycle, recovery) to reduce solid
• Management of solid waste waste
resulting in an increase in • Solid waste is treated with
greenhouse gases biological treatment process – used
as renewable energy source
(biomass) to replace fossil fuels
• Control the use of paper and
prepare sufficient food for the
whole family in order to prevent the
food wastage

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 Global warming

• Green house effect causes global warming (gradual increment of the earth’s average temperature )
• Greenhouse gases into the atmosphere such as methane, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - trap a lot more heat in the atmosphere
• As carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere rises, carbon dioxide works as like the glass in greenhouse - It lets
the sunlight enters but stop some of the Earth heat escaping

• Global warming can change the climate of the earth, such as

 Extensive evaporation of water from the earth will causes droughts and dry weather (El Nino)
 Evaporation of water can speed up the formation of clouds and cause heavy rainfall; therefore, some areas
will experience floods and cold weather (La Nina).
 Causes of global
Combustion of fossil fuels warming Open burning
in factories

Combustion of fossil fuels

Deforestation Forest fire
in vehicles
Enforcing the law
-Stop open burning
Reduce deforestation Ways to -Ensuring
-Conserve and preserve prevent global urbanization and
environment warming industrialization are
well planned
Ensuring logging
Reduce the use of fossil fuels Replanting trees
activities are
• -to Control excessive release of smoke -More trees to absorb
planned and
from vehicles and factories carbon dioxide from
controlled to
• -Use renewable energy atmosphere
• -Use public transports prevent excessive
-to equilibrate the
• -Car pooling destruction and loss
oxygen
• -Biking of trees and animals
and carbon cycles in the 6
air
Recycle Bins

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• Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic
substances contained in waste materials.
• Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash (organic matter), carbon
dioxide and heat.

Incinerator

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Wastewater Treatment System Malaysia

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 Water is collected in a reservoir. Dam
Then, the water is purified before it is
distributed to our home.

1. Screening-
separates leaves,
rubbish and fish

2. Oxidation- Consumer
removes unpleasant
smell and taste

3. Coagulation – alum coagulates

suspended
particles whereas slaked lime neutralises
the acidity of water
5. 6. Chlorination- 7. Fluoridation –
4. Sedimentation-
Filtration- a sand chlorine kills harmful Sodium
filter that removes microorganisms and
allows the lumps of fluoride
algae, bacteria and decolourisation the
impurities to settle compound is
water
out at the bottom or some chemical added to prevent
removal substances dental decay
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Water purification process
 Sectors Socio-scientific Issues Green technology
Agricultural and • Massive forest exploration for • The use of livestock manure and
forestry residential and agricultural agricultural waste to produce
purposes compost
• Open burning in agricultural • The use of compost or organic
areas causing air pollution fertiliser to increase soil
• Use of chemical fertilisers that nutrients
cause pollution of the • Reduce the deforestation
agricultural land • Replanting of forest trees
• Use biotechnology methods in
agriculture (hydroponic,
aeroponic) to solve agricultural
problems

Transportation • Greenhouse gases released by • Use the green transportation –

motor vehicles are the biggest walking, cycling and green
contributor that causes global vehicles (solar car, electric car,
warming and climate change natural gas car, biofuel car)-to
reduce greenhouse gases
• Replace oil fuel with biofuel
resources
• Use public transport – LRT,
monorail, MRT, buses

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Eutrophication

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 Hydroponic
System

• Hydroponic system - The roots of plants take water from the pipes they
grown in
• When plants take in water from soil – they also takes essential minerals
that can be obtained from dissolved rocks, decaying plants &
animals or artificial fertiliser
• In Hydroponic system – right amount of each minerals are added to the
water
• Plants require minerals for healthy growth
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 Aeroponic
System

• Aeroponics grows plants with their roots suspended in the air in a grow chamber (can
get O2 for respiration)
• The plant roots are sprayed with a mixture of water and nutrients at high pressure with
on/off intervals
• Well-circulating CO2 in the room allows further enhance growth.
• Aeroponics makes plants grow faster with less water and fewer nutrients.
• In soil, roots take in minerals by active transport (use ATP energy)
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 Renewable energy
Renewable energy - energy that is
collected from resources which will Non-renewable energy
never run out and can be replaced Non-renewable energy- energy that cannot
be replaced and will run out fairly soon

• Hydro, Solar, Wind, Wave,Tides, • Fossil fuel (coal, petroleum and natural
Geothermal, Biomass gas), Nuclear energy

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 Biomass power
station

Biomass produces biogas

(methane) and biofuel
(alcohol)

Chemical energy (biomass) Heat

energy (fire) Potential
energy (high pressure gas
expanding) Kinetic energy
(spinning turbine and dynamo)
Electrical energy (produced by the
dynamo)

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Production of
biogas
 Wind power
station

Kinetic energy (Wind rotates blades and turbine) Electrical energy

• Required large area (land) and strong and consistent wind

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Gravitational potential energy (air is pushed out of the chamber when the water level in
the chamber rises) Kinetic energy (rotates blades and turbine) Electrical
energy

Wave power
• Required consistent wave throughout the year station
• Limited areas are available
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 Solar power
station

Light energy (absorb by

solar cells in solar panels)
Electrical energy

Solar energy
• Advantages: does not
cause pollution to
environment and it is
a renewable energy
• Solar cells – used in mini calculator, watches and
• Disadvantage : this cameras
energy is absent at • Solar panels – used in heating up water at homes and
night to generate electricity for satellites
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• A carbon footprint – total amount of carbon released to the atmosphere as a result
of individual activities, events, organisation, products, or communities
• As the carbon footprint grows longer, the higher the ratio of fossil fuel and release
of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
• Reduce carbon footprint: Carpooling, pull out plugs of electrical appliances when
not in use, reduce water consumption, recycling waste at home, use energy save
light (light emitting diode, LED and compact fluorescent lights, CFL), planting
organic vegetable at home

Gas Carbon offset

Fuel

Emission

Waste
Carbon
Water
footprint

Electric transport Recycling

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