PERSONALITY

Submitted by
Shafiya SB
 Meaning
• Latin word “persona” meaning mask.
• Mask worn (used by the roman
actors while playing their role in the
drama.
• Today personality means many
things to many people.
 Meaning

Personality refers to the “totality of

what a person is”. Which includes
all traits.
 Personality traits

• Unique individual
• Characteristics and qualities
that help as a unique
individual.
 Different personality traits
• Sanguine
• Phlegmatic
• Choleric
• Melancholic
• Openness
• Extravert
• Introvert
• Dominant
• Hypersensitive etc
Sanguine personality(optimistic)
Expecting good things to happen
Phlegmatic (not easily made angry or upset
or calm)
Choleric (hot/dry)
Melancholic (Expressing sadness)
Extravert(A person who is confident and full
of life)
Introvert (Quiet, shy person who prefers to
be alone)
Dominant(more powerful)
 Hypersensitive
someone who is greatly
affected by social stimulai
Major Determinants of Personality
• Factors Influencing
Personality
Development
Factors affecting Personality Development

• BIOLOGICAL
• SOCIOLOGICAL
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
 Biological Factors
• Physique (Physical)
• Chemique(Chemical)
• Nervous System
 Biological
• Physique • Height
• Weight
• (Normal) • Appearance
• Colour
• Physical
Beauty etc
 Biological
Physique • Very short
(Abnormalities) • Physically
influence Handicapped
Personality • Crippled
• Fat Person
• Lean & Thin
 Chemique
• Hormones • Pituitary – Growth
• Endocrine and Development
glands release • Thyroid
chemical • Adrenalin – Heart
substance called & Blood
Circulation
hormones.
• Sex gland – Sex
motivation
 Nervous system
Sense organ • Senses are the gate
ways of knowledge.
• Intellectual
efficiency
• Reasoning
• Thinking
• Injury in the sense
organ etc
 SOCIAL FACTORS
• Home
• School
• Culture
 Social Factors
• Parental attitude
HOME towards the child
• Parental attitude
towards one
another
• Parental attitude
towards other
people.
Parental attitude towards their children/one another/ other people

• Parental rejection • Broken home

• Over protected children • Divorced Parents
• Only child in the family. • Alcoholic Parents
• Children left in the care
of servants
• Quarrelsome
• Over ambitious parents Parents
• Step parents etc • Parental preference
on the sex
• Number of children
in the family etc
 Social Factors
School • Personality of the
teachers
• Discipline of the
school
• Opportunity
available for various
curricular and co
curricular activities
• Size of the school
etc
 SOCIAL FACTORS
• Occupation
Culture
• Marriage
• Inter personal
relationship etc
 Social Factors

Language • Teaching
• Explaining
• Tell the truth
• Communication
etc
 Psychological Factors
• Motivation
• Intelligent
• Attitude
• Interest
• Emotion etc
 Psychological Factors
Motivation • Good
motivation
• Create interest
• Avoid poor
motivation
• Affect
performance etc
 Psychological Factors

Intelligent • Good
adjustment in
behaviour
• Capacity to
solve problem
 Psychological Factors
• Agreeableness
Interest (ready to agree)
• More
conscientiousness(in
volving)
• More
extraversion(express
ive)
• More openness
 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
Three major • Type – Approach

approaches in • Trait – Approach

describing • Type cum trait
personality approach
 Type - Approach
• Classify the people • Psycho somatic –
according to their
psycho somatic types
illness caused by
or some central themes mental problems.
like leadership style, (e.g) stress –
value etc hypertension,
respiratory
ailments, tension
headaches etc.
 Trait Approach
• A list of number of • (e.g) Cattell’s
basic personality
traits and the theory of
personality of an personality.
individual can be
described by a position
on 7/9 point scale.
Cattell theory of Personality

 Cattell has identified 12 independent traits

 Describe complete personality of an
individual.
 Cattell’s Theory
• Genial - (kind and friendly) • Dominant- Submissive
• – Hostile(unfriendly)

• Cheerful – Unhappy
• Intelligence – Stupid

• Emotionally Stable – • Sensitive – Hard

Changeable boiled (not sensitive)

• Thoughtful(thinking deeply)
• – Boorish(rude)
 Cattell’s Theory
• Conscientious – • Hypersensitive –
Slipshod (careless) Plegmatic (not easily angry)

• Co operative – • Friendly – Suspicious

Reserved( shy and feeling (disnonest or illegal)
hidden)

• Vigorous (strong &full of

energy)– Slack (little activity)
 Cattell’s Theory
• 12 factors/traits • Some are source
• Bi polar traits
• Some are surface
• Opposite traits
• Extreme ends. • Surface traits are
easily observable
• Source traits are
deeper unity.
 Type cum trait approach
• This approach is
integrate the type and • (e.g)
trait approaches to
describe individual’s
Eysenck’s
personality. theory of
• Hierachial approach –
starting from basic personality.
category next level –
finally ending with
specific behavioural
responses for each trait.
 Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
• Personality • Extraversion –
Introverson
combining both
• Neuroticism –
type and trait Stability
approaches. • Psychotism -
• 3 Categories of Normality
personality
 Psycho analytic theory of personality
• Principle of Psycho
analysis
• 3 components
• ID
• EGO
• SUPER EGO
• It work individually as
well as joined efforts of
3 components.
 Psychoanalytic theory of Personality
• Theory encompasses
• Developed by Sigmund that all people have
Freud unconscious thoughts,
• 1896 memories, emotions
and desires.
• Collection of
Psychological theories • Freud believed that ego
and Therapeutic operates in 3 states of
techniques mind namely conscious,
preconscious and
unconscious.
 Psycho analytic theory.
Conscious – the state
of understanding and Pre conscious –
realizing something. Information or
thoughts that
Unconscious – hidden could be brought
feelings or absence of into
consciousness. consciousness.
 Psycho analytic theory of personality
• ID • It demands immediate
• Id is present from birth. satisfaction.
• Primitive and • Id operates pleasure
instinctual (inner feeling) principle – is the driven
part of the mind. force of id that seeks
• Inborn Primitive immediate gratification
psychic energy called of all needs, wants and
libido. urges.
• Completely • Example : Increase
unconscious. hunger or thirst.
 Psycho analytic theory of personality
• If the infant is hungry or • Id is the original source
uncomfortable, they will of personality from
cry until the demands of which ego and super
id are satisfied. ego develop.
• 2 Inborn id instincts
• When id achieves its namely sex and
demands we experience aggression (war without
‘pleasure’, when it reason)
denied we experience
‘unpleasure’
 Ego
• Ego is the only part of • Reality Principle: your ego
conscious personality. is always trying to balance
• Decision making what your impulse id
component of wants.
personality. • Realistic way of satisfying
the id demands.
• Ego develops from the id
• Ego corresponds to the
during infancy.
self.
• Everyone has an ego.
• Ego function in
• Ego follows reality conscious, preconscious
principle. and unconscious mind.
 EGO
• Example: Horse and
Horse rider
• Id to the horse and Ego
• Ego function in the to the horse rider
conscious, • Horse – power and
preconscious and motion
unconscious mind. • Horse rider – direction
• Ego is the and guidance.
personality • The rider gives the
responsible foe horse directions and
dealing with reality. commands to get it
where it wants it to go.
 SUPER EGO
• It starts from the age of 5/6 • Super ego has 2 parts.
• Super ego provides • (i) Conscience
guidelines for making
• (ii) Ego ideals
judgements.
• Super ego developed by • Conscience –
incorporating parental Information viewed by
standards and the moral parents and society.
standards of the society. • Ego ideals – The rules
• It is internationalized
and standards for
representation of social
and moral values known as behaviour.
‘conscience.’
 SUPER EGO
(e.g) A student forgot to • Super ego may help
study for a history test you feel good about
and feels to cheat off a your behaviour.
student sitting nearby, he
knows that cheating is
wrong, so he suppresses
the urge.
PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES
OF
PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
 Introduction
• Sigmund Freud
• Personality established -age 5
• Early experience – personality development
• Pleasure seeking behaviour focused on certain
erogenous areas.
 Psycho sexual stages of personality
Development
• According to him we • Various body zones are
have an innate active as per the stage
tendency to seek and stage.
pleasure.
• Zones of the body
sensitive to touch.
• The mouth
• The anus
• The genitals
• Ergogenous Zone
 Psycho sexual stages of personality
Development
• Since birth an individual • Oral Stage
passes through 5 stages • Anal Stage
of psychosexual • Phallic Stage
development.
• Latency Stage
• Genital Stage
 Oral stage
• Between infancy 2 years old
• Infant feel pleasure by pleasure and
biting.
• Mouth is vital for eating
• Infant drives pleasure from oral
stimulation.
 Anal Stage
• Between 15 months • First part involves
and 3 years old. pleasure from
• Anus become highly expulsion of feces
sensitive to the • Later part involves
stimulation of ‘holding pleasure from
on’ and ‘letting go’ retention.
• Major conflict is toilet • Parents play an
training important role in
• The child has to learn success.
to control bodily needs.
 Phallic Stage
• Between 3 – 6 years old • Boys begin to view their
• The child grow more father as a rival for the
interested in their mothers affections.
genitals. • Oedipus Complex-A boy
who acts possessive of his
• Child discover the
mother and tells the father
difference between not to touch her.
male and females. • Electra Complex – Girl child
• Awareness of sexual start to hate their mother
organs and develop feelings for
the father.
• Love, hate relationship
with same – sex parent
 Latency Stage
• Between 6 years • Sexual energy is still
and puberty. present.
• Sexual drive lay • Child usually has
dormant. few opposite sex
• Children enter into friends
school and more
concerned with peer
relationships,
hobbies and other
interests.
 Genital Stage
• Between puberty and • The goal of this
death. stage is establish
• Heterosexual interests balance between
appears. various life areas.
• A person becomes
interested in dating and
marriage.
• Child develop normal
relationship with
opposite sex.
 Merits of Frued’s Theory
• Frued’s Psycho analytic • It is true that Frued
theory emphasizes the over emphasized sex in
fluency of human motivations.
• (i) Childhood • We can not say how far
experiences the ideas derived by
• (ii)Unconscious Frued from his studies
impulses and conflicts on maladjusted people
• (iii)Sexual urge in and applicable to
personality normal and well
development. adjusted people.
 Limitations
• Frued theory is
that some of his
ideas lack clarity
and remain
unverifiable.