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Volume of Prism

This document discusses the volume and surface area of prisms. It defines a prism as a 3D shape that has the same cross-section along its entire length. The volume of a prism can be calculated by multiplying the area of its cross-section by its height. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the volume and surface area of different prisms, including using nets. Formulas are also provided for finding the volume and surface area of common 3D shapes like cubes and cuboids.

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Trudi Bromwell
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
202 views17 pages

Volume of Prism

This document discusses the volume and surface area of prisms. It defines a prism as a 3D shape that has the same cross-section along its entire length. The volume of a prism can be calculated by multiplying the area of its cross-section by its height. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the volume and surface area of different prisms, including using nets. Formulas are also provided for finding the volume and surface area of common 3D shapes like cubes and cuboids.

Uploaded by

Trudi Bromwell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wednesday 19th October 2011

Geometry and Measures Surface Area and Volume of a Prism


Keywords Prism Cross-section volume

To do now task
Name at least 5 different 3D shapes

Learning objectives: To know, understand and be able to calculate the volume and surface area of a prism

Three-dimensional shapes
Some examples of three-dimensional shapes include:

A cube

A square-based pyramid

A cylinder

A triangular prism

A sphere

A tetrahedron

What is the definition of a 3D shape? Why?

Cross-sections of prisms
A prism is a 3-D shape that has a constant cross-section along its length. For example, this hexagonal prism has the same hexagonal cross-section throughout its length.

What is meant by cross section?

Where would you find it?

Volume of a prism
The volume of a prism is found by multiplying the area of its cross-section A by its length l (or by its height if it is standing on its cross-section). l

h A

V = Al

or

V = Ah

Volume of a prism made from cuboids


What is the volume of this L-shaped prism?

3 cm 3 cm

We can think of the shape as two cuboids joined together.

4 cm 6 cm

Volume of the green cuboid


= 6 3 3 = 54 cm3

Volume of the blue cuboid = 3 2 2 = 12 cm3 Total volume

5 cm

= 54 + 12 = 66 cm3

Volume of a prism
Remember, a prism is a 3-D shape with the same cross-section throughout its length.

3 cm

We can think of this prism as lots of Lshaped surfaces running along the length of the shape.

Volume of a prism = area of cross-section length If the cross-section has an area of 22 cm2 and the length is 3 cm, Volume of L-shaped prism = 22 3 = 66 cm3

Which method is easier to use?

Why?

Area formulae of 2-D shapes (cross sections)


You should know the following formulae:
h b h b a h b

Area of a triangle =

1 bh 2

Area of a parallelogram = bh

Area of a trapezium =

1 (a + b)h 2

Volume of a prism
What is the volume of this triangular prism? 7.2 cm
Work set Page 305 Exercise 11C Question 1 only 10 Minutes time limit

4 cm

5 cm Area of cross-section = 5 4 = 10 cm2 Volume of prism = 10 7.2 = 72 cm3

Formula for the surface area of a cuboid


We can find the formula for the surface area of a cuboid as follows.

Surface area of a cuboid =

w
2 lw Top and bottom

+ 2 hw

Front and back

+ 2 lh

Left and right side

= 2lw + 2hw + 2lh

Surface area of a cube


How can we find the surface area of a cube of length x?

All six faces of a cube have the same area.

The area of each face is x x = x2 Therefore, x

Surface area of a cube = 6x2

Can we link the faces of a 3D to the surface area?


How? Why?

Surface area of a prism


What is the surface area of this L-shaped prism?

3 cm 3 cm

4 cm

To find the surface area of this shape we need to add together the area of the two L-shapes and the area of the six rectangles that make up the surface of the shape.

6 cm
Total surface area = 2 22 + 18 + 9 + 12 + 6 + 6 + 15

5 cm

= 110 cm2

Using nets to find surface area


It can be helpful to use the net of a 3-D shape to calculate its surface area. Write down the area of each face. Then add the areas together to find the surface area.

Here is the net of a 3 cm by 5 cm by 6 cm cuboid.

6 cm
3 cm 18 cm2 3 cm

6 cm
Work set Page 306 Question 2 onwards Level C

5 cm 15 cm2

30 cm2

15 cm2

30 cm2

3 cm

18 cm2

3 cm

Surface Area = 126 cm2

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