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02 Variable and Data

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7 views

02 Variable and Data

Uploaded by

rizki Hidayat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable and

Data
Adiyo Roebianto
Variabel

• Variabel adalah atribut yang bervariasi dari satu orang/kasus ke orang/kasus


yang lain
• Atribut tersebut dapat berupa:
• Karakteristik fisik (berat badan tinggi badan, dsb)
• Sikap (suka – tidak suka; setuju – tidak setuju)
• Karakteristik individu seperti motivasi, intelegensi, self-esteem dsb
Continuous
Variable
Two branches
of variables
Categorical
Variable
Bervariasi berdasarkan besarannya (magnitude), sehingga
menghasilkan bilangan real

Dapat berupa decimal, pecahan, dan infinite number

Continuous
variable Pengumpulan datanya dengan cara mengukur

Contohnya:
Tinggi badan= 173,80
Suhu= 16,5˚ C intelegensi= 127
cm
Categorical variable
• Bervariasi berdasarkan jenisnya, sehingga menghasilkan bilangan integer (bulat positif)

• Angka atau nilai yang dihasilkan bilangan bulat

• Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan cara menghitung

• Contoh:
• Jenis kelamin= 12 pria dan 30 wanita

• Frekuensi berkunjung ke RS= tidak pernah; 1 – 3 kali setahun; lebih dari 3 kali setahun

• Agama= 20 islam, 5 Kristen, 3 katolik dan 1 budha


• What is the difference between discrete observations and continuous
QnA sessions observations?

• Can you give example from your explanations?


Levels of
Measurement
What is level of measurement?

The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for
a variable
What is level of measurement?

• The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable

Relationship
What is level of measurement?

• The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable

Values 1 2 3

Relationship
What is level of measurement?

• The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable

Attributes Republican Independent Democrat

Values 1 2 3

Relationship
What is level of measurement?

• The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable

Variable Party Affiliation

Attributes Republican Independent Democrat

Values 1 2 3

Relationship
Helps you decide what
Why Is Level statistical analysis is appropriate
on the values that were assigned
of
Measurement
Helps you decide how to
Important? interpret the data from that
variable
Nominal

Type of data/ Ordinal


measurement
Interval
Ratio
Nominal Data
• The values “name” the attribute uniquely.

• The value does not imply any ordering of the cases, for
example, jersey numbers in football.

• Even though player 10 has higher number than player 7, you


can’t say from the data that he’s greater than or more than the
other.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY


Ordinal Data
When attributes can be rank-ordered…

• Distances between attributes do not have any meaning,for example, code Educational
Attainment as 0=less than H.S.; 1=some H.S.; 2=H.S. degree; 3=some college;
4=college degree; 5=post college

• Strongly disagree (1); disagree (2); agree (3); strongly agree (4)

Is the distance from 0 to 1 the same as 3 to 4?


When distance between attributes has
meaning, for example, location distance (in
kilometres) -- distance from 30-40 is same
as distance from 70-80

Interval Data
Zero point has meaningless
Ratio Data
• Has an absolute zero that is meaningful

• Can construct a meaningful ratio (fraction), for example, number of clients in past six
months

• It is meaningful to say that “...we had twice as many clients in this period as we did in
the previous six months.
The Hierarchy of Levels

Nominal
The Hierarchy of Levels

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Ordinal

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Ordinal Attributes can be ordered

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Interval
Ordinal Attributes can be ordered

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Interval Distance is meaningful

Ordinal Attributes can be ordered

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Ratio
Interval Distance is meaningful

Ordinal Attributes can be ordered

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


The Hierarchy of Levels

Ratio Absolute zero

Interval Distance is meaningful

Ordinal Attributes can be ordered

Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest


Bali Marathon 2019

Player Jersey Number Duration Finish Age


Bobby 10 1:04:56 2 24
Denise 99 1:08:26 4 31
Will 6 1:02:49 1 26
Jack 2 1:06:45 3 32

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