COMPUTER BASICS

ICT
By
CHIPATO A (Mr)
 Preamble

•Course aims
• This course provides you with the basic ICT skills that you need to make productive
use of personal computers (PCs).
• We will cover basic skills in the use of Office productive tools – word processing.
• Presentations, spreadsheets as well as the Internet and other interactive tools.
• You will also acquire the skills needed for navigating the VLE
 Aims and Objectives
• Understand what is a computer • Define the term Software.
• Describe the importance of • Understand the categories of
computers in today's world. software.
• Identify the primary hardware • Describe what an operating system
components of a computer. is.
• Identify basic computer peripherals • Understand what applications
software is.
 Module Outline
• Basic Parts of a computer
• Buttons and ports on a computer
• Inside a Computer
• Laptop Computers
• Mobile devices (tablets, e-readers, smart phones)
• Computer peripherals (Printer, projector, speakers, scanner)
•.
•.

Introduction
What do you think a computer is?

• Discussion: What makes up a computer system?

 Hardware and Software
• Hardware: any part of your computer
that has a physical structure, such as
the keyboard or mouse. It also
includes all of the computer's internal
parts, which you can see in the image.
• Software: any set of instructions that
tells the hardware what to do and
how to do it. Examples of software
include web browsers, games, and
word processors.
Computer as a System
Hardware Basics
Basic Parts of a Computer
Primary elements of a computer system
 Peripheral Devices
Peripheral device are optional device connected to the computer externally such as printer,
scanner, tape device, microphone and external modem.

Printer

Scanner Microphone Speakers Plotter

Web Cam Projector

Light Pen Wireless Router
 INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard
Microphone
Mouse

Light Pen

Web Cam
Scanner
 OUTPUT DEVICES

Projector

Monitor

Plotter

Printer
Speakers
 INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICE
Referred to as a IO device, an input/output device is a hardware device that accepts
inputted information and also has the capability of outputting that information.

Network Card

Touch Screen
Photocopier

Wireless Card

Sound Card
Wireless Router

Modem
 Storage Devices

Flash Drive

Secure Digital
Compact Disc Floppy Diskette
Card
Hard Disk
Secure Digital
Card
Digital Versatile Disc
Zip Disk
Blu-ray DVD Or
Digital Video Disc
PC Card
Buttons and Ports on a computer
Inside a Computer
 Challenge!

• With the help of a technician and the picture in previous slide, identify
components inside a computer
Laptop Computers
 Laptop Computers
• Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences
between them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a
built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers.
This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is
also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.
• You'll also have to the option to connect a regular mouse, larger monitor, and other
peripherals. This basically turns your laptop into a desktop computer, with one
main difference: You can easily disconnect the peripherals and take the laptop with
you wherever you go.
 Mobile devices
• A mobile device is a general term
for any type of handheld
computer. These devices are
designed to be extremely portable,
and they can often fit in your
hand.
•
Software Basics
Understanding Operating Systems
Applications

• .
 Utility softwares
• Designed to help analyse, configure, optimise and or maintain the computer
• They focus on how the computer infrastructure operates
• Examples of these software's are Antivirus software's and back-up Software's
 Computer Virus
• A computer virus is a type of computer program that, when executed,
replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its
own code.
• When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be
"infected" with a computer virus.
 COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTER
VIRUSES
1. RESIDENT VIRUS
•Resident viruses set up shop in your RAM and meddle with your system
operations. They’re so sneaky that they can even attach themselves to your
anti-virus software files.
2. MULTIPARTITE VIRUS
This virus infects the entire system. Multipartite viruses spread by performing
unauthorized actions on your operating system, folders, and programs.
3. DIRECT ACTION
•This virus targets a specific file type, most commonly executable files
(.exe), by replicating and infecting files. Due to its targeted nature, this virus
type is one of the easier ones to detect and remove.
4. BROWSER HIJACKER
•Easily detected, this virus type infects your browser and redirects you to
malicious websites.
5. OVERWRITE VIRUS
Like the name implies, overwrite viruses overwrite file content to infect
entire folders, files, and programs.
6. WEB SCRIPTING VIRUS
This sneaky virus disguises itself in the coding of links, ads, images, videos,
and site code. It can infect systems when users download malicious files or
visit malicious websites.
7. FILE INFECTOR
By targeting executable files (.exe), file infector viruses slow down
programs and damage system files when a user runs them.
8. NETWORK VIRUS
Network viruses travel through network connections and replicate
themselves through shared resources.
9. BOOT SECTOR VIRUS
One of the easier viruses to avoid, this virus hides out in a file on a USB
drive or email attachment. When activated, it can infect the system’s master
boot record to damage the system.
USING YOUR COMPUTER
 Setting up a Computer
Physical Setup
1.Plug your computer into AC power using the enclosed power cables.
2.Connect your monitor
3.Connect your mouse and keyboard
4.Connect your speakers
5.Turn your computer on.
The mouse
 Activity: Actions of a mouse

Practice the following actions:

 Double Clicking
 Moving Mouse Pointer  Right Clicking
 Using Mouse Pad  Dragging
 Pointing  Right Dragging
 Clicking
The Keyboard
Your Windows Desktop
Adjusting your computer's settings
The Window
PARTS OF A WINDOW
Your computer's file system
 Activity: Create Own Folders
• Create the following folder structure:
Shutting down your computer
Questions
 Take home
1. Mouse tutorial and practice
• Revisit the mouse tutorial and practice the actions
2. Keyboard Practice:
• Open Wordpad from the Start Button
• Type in a well punctuated 2-paragraph introductory message to your learners.
 Keyboard – Mavis Beacon Teaching Typing (Extension)
http://www.mavisbeaconfree.com/