GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENIGINEERING
“GROUP- 2”
WELCOMES YOU
TO OUR PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
MASK DETECTION WITH TEMPERATURE
SUMMITED BY: GUIDED BY:
Chandra Bhushan Prasad(1801298103) Prof. Sibananda Mishra
Amit Singh(1801298103) Prof. Dr. Somnath Mishra
Amit Singh Choudhary(1801298103)
Ananata Dalai(1801298034)
Akash Kumar Sahoo(1801298025)
CONTENTS
Introduction
 Embedded System
 Hardware Requirements
 Transformer
 Rectifier
 Push Button
 Relays
 Introduction to Arduino
 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor
 DHT : Temperature and Humidity sensor
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
 An Embedded System is a collection of computer systems, as well as mechanical and
other components, that work together to complete a specific purpose.
 An embedded system is a signal generator, software-driven, long-lasting, real-time
control system that is independent or human or network interactive.
 Embedded systems are divided into two categories: low - and high.
 With 32-bit or 64-bit processors and an operating system, this is a high-end embedded
system.
 They are integrated in little controllers and devices in our daily life, including as
washing machines and devices.
 Operating device have a microprocessor/microcontroller and store. Some models have
a serial port or a broadband connection. Keyboards, screens, and hard drives are
routinely missing.
 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 An embedded system is a signal generator, software-driven, long-lasting, real-time
control system that is independent or human or network interactive, acts on a range of
physical variables in a number of situations.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN CYCLE

System Testing

Rapid Hardware

Targeting
Characteristics of Embedded System
 An embedded system is a computerized system that is hidden inside a non-computer
component.
 They will confront a range of obstacles while creating embedded source code, in
addition to the difficulties we experience while building apps.
 Throughout- Our computer may be called upon to process a huge volume of data in a
short period of time.
 Reaction–Our system may be required to react swiftly to circumstances.
 Testability–It might be difficult to implement equipment to analyze embedded
software.
 APPLICATIONS
 Embedded software for uses in the defence and aircraft.

 Communication Programs

 Software technology and control systems in industry.

 Understanding the intricacies of applications.

 Shortening the time it takes to create a product.

 Processing of ever-increasing volumes of data in real time.

 Sensors that are intelligent and self-contained
 CLASSIFICATION
 Systems that operate in real time.

 A response time system (RTS) is one that must reply to events within a certain amount
of time.

 A correct response given the decision has already been made is incorrect.
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 LCD Display

 Keypad

 Electrical Panel

 Temperature Sensor

 Humidifier Setup

 Ultrasonic Transducer

 Arduino IDE

 Liquid Tank

 Mounts and Joints

 TRANSFORMER
 Transformers change alternating current (AC) from one polarity to another with
minimum power loss.
 A step-down transformer is used in most power supply to lower the dangerously high
potential to a safer low output.
 The primary winding is the input coil, while the secondary winding is the output coil.
 The turn's ratio, or the ratio of the number of cycles on each coil, controls the voltage
ratio.
 A step-down transformer has a large winding on the primary (input) coil, which is
linked to the high voltage mains supply, and a small number of turns on the secondary
(output) coil, which produces a low output impedance.
 TURNS RATIO = (Vp / Vs) = ( Np / Ns )

Where,

 Vp = primary (input) voltage.

 Vs = secondary (output) voltage

 Np = number of turns on primary coil

 Ns = number of turns on secondary coil

 Ip = primary (input) current

 Is = secondary (output) current.

Ideal power equation

 Electricity generation is passed from the main circuit to the secondary circuit if the secondary coil is
to a load that enables current to flow.
 The transformer is ideal in that it converts all incoming solar radiation from the main circuit to the
magnetic field and then into the secondary circuit.
 When the voltage is raised, the current is reduced by the same amount. The square of
the turn’s ratio transforms the impedance in one circuit.
 The transmission line senses an impedance of (Np/Ns)2Zs when an impedance Zs is
applied across the contacts of the secondary coil.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805

 Features
• Output Current up to 1A.
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V.
• Thermal Overload Protection.
• Short Circuit Protection.
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection.
DESCRIPTION
 The 3 positive controllers LM78XX/LM78XXA are accessible in the TO-220/D-
PAK device and with a variety of fixed voltage levels. making them
appropriate for a variety of applications.
 Despite the fact that these devices are often built as fixed voltage regulators.

 They may be used in combination with peripherals to obtain variable currents and
voltages.
 Internal Block Diagram

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VOLTAGE

REGULATOR
 RECTIFIER

 A rectifier is a type that converts alternating current (AC), which means "to move" on a
routine basis, into direct current (DC), which only allow current to flow.
 Relays are made up of components such as rectifier, diodes, vacuum tube diode, and
others.
 This project employs a bridge rectifier due to its advantages of high stability and full
wave rectification operation.
 In the positive half cycle, only two diodes (one pair of parallel diodes) will touch.
 The top three diodes will flow in the half cycle, but in forward biased.
FILTER
 A piezoelectric filter is used in this project. It smoothed the D.C. and removes the rectifier's
output irregularities.
 The output from this filter stays unchanged until the power supply voltage and demand are
kept constant.
 D.C. output obtained at this stage changes when one of these factors is altered.
 PUSH BUTTON
 A drive (also known as a pushbutton) or simply press is a basic switch that is used to turn
on or off a device.
 Buttons are often constructed of a long-lasting material like plastic or metal.
 In industrial uses, push buttons can be mechanically linked together so that
pushing one releases the other.
 This light is typically incorporated into the center of the start button, and the hard center
globe is substituted with a lens.
Push to ON button:
 RELAY
 A diode is an electrical circuit that can be triggered or deleted. An electromagnet is
commonly employed to manually control a solenoid valve in relays.
 A relay is an electrical circuit that can be triggered or deleted.
 Relays frequently have two adjustment places and double pitch (switchover) switched
links, as illustrated in the image, because the coil can be operated on or off.
 Relays enable one loop to regulate a circuit that is not connected to the first.
 To convert a low voltage battery connection to a 230V AC mains circuit, a relay can be
utilized.
 When the coil is turned on, you can see a switch on the left being drawn in by polarity.
 The inductor and control contacts of a relay are shown in the diagram.
APPLICATION OF RELAY:
 Use a reduced signal to regulator a max-voltage circuit, such as in
telecommunications or acoustic amps.

 Use a min-current signal to operate a max-current circuit, such as the actuator for
starting a car.

 Open / close electrical equipment on electrical grids to discover and isolate faults.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
LIGHT EMMITING DIODE (LED)
 Electronic light sources include light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
 In many gadgets, LEDs are employed as indicator lamps, and they are increasingly
being used for lighting.
 When a forward biased (turned on) light-emitting Photodiode generates interaction with
electron holes inside the device, energy is released in the form of Photon.
 LEDs have several advantages over fluorescent electric sources, including energy
conservation, higher toughness, smaller size.

Types of LED’S
 Light-emitting semiconductors are utilised in a variety of applications, including
navigation lights, automotive lights, and traffic signals.
Electronic Symbol:

Symbol of LED
 RESISTER
 According to Ohm's law, a resistor is a two different electrical component that resists an
electric current by causing a potential difference between its terminals proportional to
the current.
IR = V
 To manufacture practical resistors, resistance wire (wire made of a greater alloy like
nickel/chrome) and other compounds and coatings can be employed.
 CAPACITORS
 A capacitance, also known as a condensate, is a passive electric device that consists of
a dielectric sandwiched between two conductors.
 The qualities of capacitors in a controller impact the frequency response's frequency
range and quality factor, leakage current and duty cycle in a digital logic circuit.
Theory of operation Capacitance
 An internal electric field is produced by charge separation in a linear capacitor.
 The field is reduced and the capacitance is increased when a dielectric (orange) is used.
 A capacitor is said to be identity and separated because it has no partial positive charge
and is not affected by external electrostatic current.
 The dielectric creates an electric field by distributing equal and opposite charges on
opposing teams.
 Electrochemical reaction can have an electromagnetic influence on the capacitor,
allowing its permeability to vary.
 In this case, capacitance is defined in terms of incremental improvements:
 INDIVIDUAL CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1. POWER SUPPLY:-( +ve)
 This project involves a lot of power supply synchronization, as well as variable degrees
of power delivery. The sender and receiver are both powered by batteries. In addition to
the battery, +12V and +5V power sources are required.
Description
 The power supply is basically consisting of three sections as follows,

1. Step down section

2. Rectifier Section
3. Regulator section
Design principle:
 Two methods for building power sources are the average figure approach and
the peak value technique.
 The amplitude strategy is very cost-effective in the event of a low-power supply since
the input AC demands is greatly decreased for a given DC output value.
 The diode output is charged to about Vcc due to the charging of the capacitor.
 Capacitive coupling works as a backup during the discharging step. The capacitor's
value is then calculated as a consequence.
Circuit connection: -
 We'll be utilizing a transformer (0-12) vac, 1Amp, IC 7805 & 7812, diodes IN 4007,
LEDs, and resistors in this project.
 The primary of the converter is supplied a 230V, 50 Hz ac signal, and the output of the
inverter is given to the bridge rectifying diode.
 The LED receives the o/p of the IC controller through resistor.
Circuit Explanations: -

 A transformer is an electrically powered static device that converts electrical energy

from one coil to another while preserving the same recurrence.
 When an ac output is supplied to a transformer's elemental, the magnetic effect of the
coil produces magnetic force in the primary coil, which is then transformed to the
transformer's second winding via wavelet transform.
 The LED illuminates owing to its forward bias, and the o/p is obtained through pin no-
3.
 INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO
 Arduino is a system for producing electrical inventions that is free and open-source.
 Microcontroller board is made up of a hardware programmable microprocessor (also
known as a mcu) and application (referred to as an IDE) that runs on your computer
and is used to develop and upload system software to the Arduino platform.
 Microcontroller is a firm, movement, and manipulator base that creates and distributes
single-board Arduino ide and kits for creating numeral strategies and interactive things
that can sense and function both physically and online.
 The boards contain serial port interfaces and, on certain variants, USB connections for
loading applications from personal computers.
RELAY DRIVER

 According to the specifications, the coil requires 12V dc and 200mA current dc.
 As a result, the driver's role is crucial. The BC547 has a 1A peak current capacity and a
200 average current gain.
BUZZER DRIVER
 This part connects the controller to one audible piezoelectric buzzer. When a
malfunction occurs in any of the channels, the controller triggers the buzzer.
 PIEZO ELECRTIC BUZZER:
 It's a piece of equipment that changes electrical pulses into audible ones (sound signal).
 a driver diode (BC547) is required to deliver sufficient current to the buzzer.
 The transistor due primarily, i.e. ON, when a lead up is received at its base
through a base resistance (1.5k), and the beeper involves with an audio signal.
HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR - WORKING
 The HC-SR04 Piezo electric (US) detector is a 4 module with Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and
Ground pin designations as shown above.
 This device is widely used in a variety of applications that require maximum distance
or object sensing.
 The sensor is based on a formula from junior high.

Distance = Speed × Time

 The Sound wave detecting antenna detects this returned wave, as indicated in the
picture beneath
 HC-SR04 distance sensor other microcontroller and MP systems such as Arduino,
ARM, PIC, Raspberry Pi, and others are often utilized.
 The sensor may be powered from the on-board 5V terminals because it uses less than
15mA. (If available).
Applications

 Used with legged robots, obstacle evader robots, path finding robotic systems, and
other robots to avoid and identify impediments.
 Can be used to take measurements ranging from 2cm to 400cm.
 Rotating the sensor can be used to register the items around it. Because waves may
penetrate water, the depth of specific areas such as wells, pits, and other structures
can be measured.
DHT: TEMPERATURE HMIDITY SENSOR
 The temperature and humidity sensor complex of our DF Robot DHT11 Temperature &
Moisture Sensor produces a calibrated digital signal.
 This sensor connects to an 8-bit microcontroller and syndicates a resistive-type
moisture amount.
 Component with an NTC temperature measurement component, resulting in prodigious
quality, speed, overall ability, and cost.
 The component is a single row pin module with four pins. It's easy to sign up, and users
may request special packages.
 CONCLUSION

 All of these activities combine to make our project a comprehensive one-stop shop for
real-world implementations. The design's key merits are its flexibility in terms of
technological adaptation and its cost effectiveness. This initiative will have a
significant impact on people's living standards. Depending on the scenario, a variety of
extra features can be added to the system to meet the needs of the user.
THANK YOU