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Statistics: By: Reem

Grouped data organizes a raw data set into a frequency table showing the distribution of values. It groups the data into classes when there are many possible outcomes. Ungrouped data has only one possible answer for each observation. There are different types of graphs used to visualize data including pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, and cumulative frequency polygons (ogives) which show the distribution and relationship of values. Box plots also graphically depict groups of numerical data through their minimum, quartiles, median, and maximum.

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54 views17 pages

Statistics: By: Reem

Grouped data organizes a raw data set into a frequency table showing the distribution of values. It groups the data into classes when there are many possible outcomes. Ungrouped data has only one possible answer for each observation. There are different types of graphs used to visualize data including pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, and cumulative frequency polygons (ogives) which show the distribution and relationship of values. Box plots also graphically depict groups of numerical data through their minimum, quartiles, median, and maximum.

Uploaded by

Yo Devera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

By: Reem

Forms of presentation of data

Grouped data is a statistical term used in data analysis. A raw dataset can be organized by constructing a table showing the frequency distribution of the variable (whose values are given in the raw dataset). Such a frequency table is often referred to as a grouped data.

Time taken (in seconds)Frequency 5 and above, below 10 =1 10 and above, below 15 =4 15 and above, below 20 =6 20 and above, below 25 =4 25 and above, below 30 =2 30 and above, below 35 =3

Grouped data is when there is a large number of possible outcomes, we will usually need to group the data. E.g The ages of 200 people entering a park on a Saturday afternoon. The ages have been grouped into the classes 0-9, 10-19, 20-29, etc.

Ungrouped data is the opposite of grouped data with only one possible answer. E.g The ages of 200 people entering a park on a Saturday afternoon. The ages are: 27, 8, 10, 49 etc.

Different kinds of graphs and charts

Graphs are pictures that help us understand amounts. These amounts are called data. There are many kinds of graphs, each having special parts.

A pie chart (or a circle graph) is a circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector (and consequently its central angle and area), is proportional to the quantity it represents.

In statistics, a histogram is a graphical representation showing a visual impression of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.

The Frequency Polygon Using the fact that each class interval may be represented, on average, by its class mid-point, we may plot the class mid-points against the class frequencies to obtain a display of single points. By joining up these points with straight line segments and including two extra class midpoints, we obtain a frequency polygon.

The Cumulative Frequency Polygon (or Ogive) The earlier use of the cumulative frequency to estimate the number (or proportion) of values less than a certain amount may be applied graphically by plotting the upper class-boundary against cumulative frequency; then joining up the points plotted with straight line segments. The graph obtained is called the cumulative frequency

In descriptive statistics, a box plot or boxplot (also known as a box-andwhisker diagram or plot) is a convenient way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their five-number summaries: the smallest observation (sample minimum), lower quartile (Q1),median (Q2), upper quartile (Q3), and largest observation (sample maximum). A boxplot may also indicate which observations, if any, might be considered outliers.

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