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Composite Climate

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Anirban Thakur
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20 views

Composite Climate

Uploaded by

Anirban Thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Composite Climate

•T H E C O M P O S I T E
CLIMATE COVERS
MOSTLY THE CENTRAL
PART OF INDIA
•I T D I S P L A Y S T H E
CHARACTERISTICS OF
HOT & DRY, WARM &
HUMID AS WELL AS
COLD CLIMATES.
REGIONS UNDER COMPOSITE CLIMATE

The general regions falling


under composite climate are:
1. Delhi
2. Parts of Rajasthan
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Uttar Pradesh
5. Parts of Punjab & Haryana
6. Telengana
7. Parts of Odisha
8. Bihar
9. Some parts of Maharastra
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE
CLIMATE

•Temperature : In summers --32-43 degrees Celsius (day time)


27-32 degrees Celsius (night time)
In winters – 10-25 degrees Celsius (day time)
4-10 degrees Celsius (night time)
•Humidity : 20-25% in dry periods
55-95% in wet periods

•Wind pattern : Receives strong monsoon winds from south east


and north east
1. summers- hot and dry winds
2. monsoons – strong winds
3. winter- dry and cold
Sky Conditions : 1. Summer – frequently hazy
2. monsoon – dull(Generally cloudy)
3. winter – generally clear
Precipitation : 500- 1300 mm per year
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS IDEAL FOR
COMPOSITE CLIMATE

Courtyard type buildings are very suitable


Large projecting eaves and verandahs
Roof and wall insulation
Thicker walls
Air locks and Balconies
Exhausts
Trees and water bodies for evaporative cooling
Large openings in opposite walls
Cavity walls, Terrace gardens
TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS IN JHARKHAND

 The houses were built of local materials such


as mud sticks , grass and pebbles by local
craftsmen
 A general hut measured around 5-6m long
and 3-4m wide
 The dwellings were surrounded by fence made
of bamboo which served and a boundary
 There were no other openings in the external Plan & Section of a typical hut in Jharkhand

walls other than the door


 Some houses had windows but those were
small and placed high to serve as ventilation
for the indoors. These windows also helped in
keeping the hot summer sun and cold winds
out
CONTEMPORARY DWELLINGS

The Guest House, Solar Energy


Centre, Gurgaon:

The complex is located in Gurgaon, about


35 km south of Delhi. The buildings in
this complex is divided into 3 groups
1. The technical and administrative
block
2. Workshop building and electrical sub-
station
3. The guest house
• The building was conceived as a
low spread out structure,
arranged around courtyards,
maximising the use of roof
surface for evaporative cooling
system.

•Permanent ventilators have been


placed on the south side , the roof is
insulated, two-level windows have been
provided for good ventilation .
•To prevent heat gain through the roof,
it has been given a reflective white
finish
•The entire building is day lit and no
artificial lighting is required during
work hours.

• For comfort cooling, the strategy


used was to reduce ingress of heat
by using hollow, concrete block
walls, properly shaded windows ,
and a reflective finish on the roof
surface.
Traditional Method Modern Method

•Usually roofing was made with •Usually made of concrete slabs with
bamboo hay 150 mm thickness
•Walls were made of mud ,clay, etc •Walls were 230mm thick
•Ventilation slits have been provided •Roofs were made of rcc slabs
in the roofing for protection against •Roof gardens play a major role in
sun heat and cold wind insulating the building
Resist heat gain in summer & heat loss in
winter

SOLUTIONS
TECHNIQUES
•Decreased surface exposed
•Orientation and shape of the
area.
building.
•Increase Thermal
•Use of trees as wind barriers.
resistance.
•Roof and wall insulations.
•Decrease air exchange
•Thicker walls, balconies and
rate.
use of pale colour.
•Increase shading surfaces.
•Walls, glass surfaces protected
•Increase surface
by overhang trees.
reflectivity.
ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDINGS

• In composite climate the


orientation of the buildings is
preferable in Northeast and
Southwest directions
• This helps in receiving less
radiation which results in lesser
heat gain and reduces the overall
air conditioning requirement and
thus saves energy
• Proper orientation also helps in
receiving natural light and
ventilation
FORM AND PLANNING
ROOFS & WALLS

•Roofs and external walls should be constructed of solid masonry or concrete to


have a 9-12 hr time lag in heat transmission
•Resistance insulation should be placed at the outside surfaces of external walls
or roofs. Insulation of the inside would reduce the beneficial effects of high
thermal capacity of walls and roofs
OPENINGS & VENTILATION

POSITIONING OF OPENINGS

•In buildings openings must be provided at living spaces for proper


air movement

SIZE OF OPENINGS
The best arrangement is to provide full wall openings on both sides
with adjustable closing devices which can assist in controlling air
movement

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