Hawassa Tegbared Polly college

AUTOMOTIVE
TECHNOLOGY LEVEL I
Vehicle servicing
TIRES &
WHEELS
Introduction

Prepare to remove, repair and fit tires,

Tubes balance and wheels and tires
content coverage and topics
 content coverage and topics
• Identifying and confirming nature and scope of work
seek assistance workgroup
• Observing WHS and personal protection equipment
Respect and acknowledge differences
•Sourcing procedures and information
• Analyzing, selecting and preparing method
• Sourcing, Identifying and preparing technical
requirements and support equipment
• Observing warnings
 Who Invented The First Tire?
It was invented in 1888, by John
Dunlop.
This would be the end of the solid tire.
 Why are Tires Black?

To protect the rubber from the

harmful Ultraviolet (UV) rays.
A common type of UV stabilizer
called a competitive absorber is
added
to capture and absorb these harmful
UV light wave energy
All tire manufacturers use the same
competitive absorber, carbon black
 The Purpose of Tires
The tire serves essentially 3 basic functions
• It supports the vertical load, while cushioning road
shocks
• It develops longitudinal force for acceleration and
braking
• It develops lateral force for cornering (to provide
adequate steering control and direction stability)
 Types of Tire

There are two main types of tires available

on the market today.
1.Bias Ply tires and
2.Radial Ply tires.
According to air handling
Tube tires
used on older vehicles
Tubeless tires
seal between bead and rim
Tubeless tires are the current design
 Bias Ply tires
A bias ply tire has plies running at
an angle from bead to bead.
The cord angle is also reversed
from ply to ply.
Tread is bonded directly to the top
ply.
It is Older design
Disadvantages
High rolling resistance
Faster tire wear
 Belted Bias Tire

Stabilizing belt added

to increase tread stiffness.
Decreases rolling resistance
These belts only lie on the
tread area and not on the
side walls, like cords.
 Radial Ply Tire
Has plies running straight
across from bead to bead
with stabilizer belts lying
directly beneath the tread.
This results in the radial
having flexible side wall,
but a stiff tread.
It has a least amount of
rolling resistance
 Tire Sidewall information
1 -Size number.
2-Maximum allowed inflation pressure.
3-Type of tire construction.
4 -M&S denotes a tire for mud and
snow.
5 -E-Mark is the Europe type approval
mark and number.
6-US Department of Transport (DOT)
identification numbers.
7-Country of manufacture.
8-Manufacturers, brand name, or
commercial name.

The most important information on the sidewall of a tire is the size number,
indicated by 1 .
 Tire Dimensions and Marking
P 215 / 60 R 15 96 H
Tire types
The first letter indicates the proper type of car that the tire is made
for.
P -stands for passenger car.
T -Temporary
C -Commercial
ST -for special trailer,
LT -light truck.

Tire width.
This three-number code is the width of the unloaded tire from
sidewall to sidewall measured in [mm].
215-Tire width [mm]
175mm, 185, 195, etc…
 Tire Dimensions and Marking
Aspect ratio (Tire Profile) P 215 / 60 R 15 96
H
• This two-number code is the ratio of the tire section height to
tire width, hT as a percentage
expressed
ST   100
wT

• Generally speaking, tire aspect ratios range from 35, for race car
tires, to 75 for tires used on utility vehicles
 Tire Dimensions and Marking
P 215 / 60 R 15 96 H
Tire construction type
R- for a radial construction.
B for bias belt or bias ply, and
D for diagonal.

Rim Diameter ( this is

number in inches)
to indicate diameter of the rim that the
tire is designed to fit on it on.
13, 14, 15, 16 [in]
 Tire Dimensions and Marking
Many tires come with a service description at the end of the tire
size. The service description is made of
•Load rate or load index. (Kgf)
is a representation of the maximum load each tire is designed to
support.
a two-digit number (load index )
The load index is generally valid for speeds under 210 km/ h (≈ 130 mi/ h).
•Speed rate (MPH).
Speed rate indicates the maximum speed that the tire can sustain for a ten
minute endurance without breaking down.
S= up to 112 MPH T= to 118 MPH H= to 130 MPH V= to 149 MPH
Z= over 149 MPH
Identifying and confirming nature and scope of
work

Tyre servicing quality include:

•Resaving and inspection of the tier
•removing and reinstalling the tyre and
wheel to the vehicle
•Repairing and servicing of the tyre
 Observing WHS and personal protection equipment

•Workers’ health, safety and well-being are

vital concerns to hundreds of millions of
working people worldwide.
•It is of paramount importance to the
productivity, competitiveness and
sustainability of enterprises, communities,
and to national and regional economies.
 Protective clothing and equipment
•To prevent accidents, select work wear
that is strong and fits well to facilitate
work.
•Avoid work wear with exposed belts,
buckles, and buttons, which can cause
damage to vehicles while working.
•As a safety measure against injury or
burns, avoid exposing the bare skin.
 Fire Prevention
The following precautions must be taken
to prevent fires:
•If the fire alarm sounds, all the employees should
cooperate to extinguish the fire. To do this, they
should know where the fire extinguishers are
located and how to use them.
• Do not smoke except in designated areas, and be
sure to extinguish cigarettes in an ashtray.
• To prevent fires and accidents, take the following
precautions in the vicinity of the flammable items:
 Description
•A variety of tools and measuring instruments
are used to service vehicles tires.
• To perform work efficiently and safely, it is
important that you fully understand how they
are used.

Hand tools
Hand tools are used very often throughout work to loosen and
tighten bolts, screws and parts; apply impact to or mark
something for adjustment or replacement etc.
Figure 2 Open-end wrenches (spanners) &
Box-end wrenches (offset wrench)
Fig 2.1 Socket wrench set Fig.2.2 Adjustable wrench
Fig.2.3 Screwdrivers and shape of the tips
 Fig.2.4 a) Slip-joint Pliers

fig.2.5b) Needle-nose pliers

Con ----

Fig.2.6 different types hammer

Con------

Fig. 2.7 hydraulic jack

 Con----

Fig. 2.8 Compressor Fig.2..9 Safety Stand

 X-shaped

L-shaped

Lug wrench Tire balance

Electrical tire changer machine

Manual tire changer machine

Tire levers
Pressure gauge
 Tire balancer machine
Tires are balanced in factories and repair shops by
two methods:
static balancers and dynamic balancers.
Implementing methods for the removal

lift a vehicle
 Carry out removal of tyre
1 .The tire must be completely deflated by removing the
valve core before the tire is removed from the rim.
2. Demounting and mounting of tires must be performed
only from the offset ledge side of the wheel. Care must
be taken to avoid damaging the tire beads while
mounting tires on wheels.
Tires MUST be mounted on compatible wheels of
matching bead diameter and width.
3.Nonflammable rubber lubricant must be applied to the
bead and the wheel matting surfaces before assembling
the rim wheel, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer
recommends against the use of any rubber lubricant.
 Con---
4.When using a tire servicing machine,* the tire MUST be
inflated only to the minimum pressure to force the tire
bead onto the rim ledge and create an airtight seal before
removal from the tire changing machine.
5. The tire may be inflated only when contained within a
secured restraining device, positioned behind a secure
barrier, secured on tire servicing machine*, or bolted on
the vehicle with the lug nuts fully tightened.
6. A Clip-on Chuck with an air-line pressure gauge or pre-
set regulator must be applied tonsure the worker is a safe
distance during inflation of the tire.
 Con---

7. The tire must not be inflated to more than the inflation

pressure stamped in the sidewall unless the manufacturer
recommends a higher pressure.
8. Cracked, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged wheels
must not be reworked, welded, brazed or otherwise
heated.
Heat of any nature must not be applied to a wheel.
 Wheels
Wheels must be strong enough to support the vehicle
and withstand the forces caused by normal operation.
At the same time, they must be as light as possible, to
help keep un-sprung weight to a minimum.
 Carry out tire removal activity
Step 1: Materials Needed
Step 2: Find the Nuts on Your Tire
Step 3: Placing the Jack
Step 4: Raising Your Tire
Step 5: Removing the Nuts from Your Tire
Step 6: Remove the Tire
 Check tire pressure

•For accuracy, check your inflation pressure with a tire

gauge when tires are cold.
• Driving heats up tires and makes the reading
incorrect
 Repair tyre and tube
Locate the Puncture

Spin the tire and examine the entire tread and sidewall to
locate the puncture point where the leak is. It may be
something as simple as a nail or a screw embedded in the
tread, in which case plugging the tire will be easy.
 Mark the Spot for Repair
Before you remove the nail or screw from your flat tire,
take a piece of tape and put it just below the spot where it
punctured the tire. With a pen, mark the exact spot that
has the nail in it.
 Remove the Nail or Screw
Go ahead and remove the nail or screw from the tire. You
might have to grip the nail with pliers if it proves hard to
remove. If it's a screw, you can just unscrew it with a
screwdriver.
 Ream Out the Hole
In your tire plug kit, you'll see a tool that looks like a
round file with a handle. This is used to clean out and
rough up the hole in your tire prior to plugging. Take this
tool and ram it into the hole. Move it up and down a few
times to roughen up the inside.
 Thread the Plug Tool
Your tire-repair kit also contains some sticky tar "worms"
that you'll need for the next step. Peel one of them off and
thread it through the tool that has an eye on one end like a
giant needle. You'll have to pinch the end of the worm to
get it in there, but it can be done. Pull it through until it is
centered in the plugging tool.
information of tyre
METRIC SIZING SYSTEM
EXAMPLE:
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