GE Course

The Contemporary World

General Education 4
Welcome!

Evelyn S. Dominguez, M.A. Ed.

Professor
Learning Outcomes
Define globalization and related
concepts
Trace the origins and development of
globalization

Describe each type of globalization

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Learning Outcomes
Exhibit the value of collaboration and
teamwork

Present different perspectives of

Globalization

Exhibit the value of critical thinking 3

Warm Up Activity

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 What is Globalization?
Globalization is the intensification of
worldwide social relations which links
distant localities in such a way that local
happenings are shaped by events occurring
many miles away and vice versa.
Anthony Giddens
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 What is Globalization?
Globalization as a concept refers both to
the compression of the world and the
intensification of the consciousness of the
world as a whole.
Roland Robertson

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 What is Globalization?
Globalization may be thought of as a process…
which embodies a transformation in the spatial
organization of social relations and transactions
… generating transcontinental or interregional
flows and networks of activity, interaction, and
the exercise of power.
David Held
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Globalization involves twin processes:
❑ The physical process of
interconnectedness, or
‘compression’, which implies that ❑ A process has a very long-
the world is getting smaller term history given that it refers
to an evolutionary process of
❑ The awareness that we as becoming rather than an
individuals have of our actual state of affairs.
relationship to the world as a
single place.

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“Globalization requires taking
a broad contextual and long-
term view.”
—Helen Fisher

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 Our Discussion

Brief History Periods

When did Globalization begin? 01 03 Different Waves of Globalization

Schema/Perspective Theories of Globalization

Three dominant views in historical
02 04 Globalization is both a process and
analyses of globalization
a theory.

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 01
The G-World
Development of the concept

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WHEN did globalization begin?

01 02 03

According to the Oxford The noun appears in the Oxford

It entered the Merriam-Webster
dictionary English dictionary in 1962
dictionary in 1951
the word globalization was first employed GLOBALIZATION was developed in social
in the 1930. It was first used in 1959 sciences as a paradigm 1992

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 02
SCHEMA/PERSPECTIVE
Dominant Views on Globalization

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The Hyperglobalists

▪ Globalization weakens the power of

Government
▪ sees globalization as a new epoch in human
history.
▪ Creating new relationships with nations
▪ World Economy as a single unit

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The Hyperglobalists

▪ also known as global optimists

▪ insist that globalization is occurring now and
local cultures are being eradicated due to
the increase of international capitalism
▪ believe that globalization is a positive action

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The Sceptics
▪ insist that their analysis of the nineteenth
century demonstrate that instead of
witnessing globalization, the world is going
through ‘regionalization’;
▪ to organize a country on a regional basis.

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The Sceptics
▪ World is not becoming a single market
▪ Globalization process is separated and
regionalized
▪ Requires a strong nation to facilitate trade
and regulate global economy
▪ an ongoing form of internationalization.

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The Transformationalists
▪ Differs from the other two
▪ No individual is cause behind
Globalization
▪ Argue that the flow of culture is not one
way, from the west to the developing
world it is a two-way exchange in which
Western culture is also influenced,
changed and enriched by cultures in the
developing world.

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The Transformationalists

▪ have made no claims as to the future

of globalization, nor do they vision
our current globalization as a version
of a ‘globalized’ nineteenth century.

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 03
Different Periods or Waves of Globalization

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PERIODS OF GLOBALIZATION

closely associated with the Western European

Institutions such as World Bank,
conquest of Asia, Latin America, and Africa and
the spread of capitalism to these areas GATT, IMF were formed

Second wave Fourth wave

01 02 03 04 05

First Wave Third wave Fifth Wave

as old as human marked by breakthroughs in current period, characterized by
civilization technological development unprecedented interdependence
among nations
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 ASPECTS/FORMS OF
GLOBALIZATION
⮚ Economic Globalization
the intercontinental exchange of products, services,
and labor. Multinational corporations have been
instrumental in globalization of both production and
distribution networks.
⮚ Political globalization
the proliferation of international and regional
organizations composed of states and the spread
of non-state political actors.

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 ASPECTS/FORMS OF
GLOBALIZATION

⮚ Military globalization is characterized by extensive as

well as intensive networks of military force that operate
internationally

⮚ Cultural globalization refers to the spread of one

culture across national borders

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REVIEW THE CONCEPTS

■ Globalization is a relatively new concept in the social

sciences.
■ It was widely used by economists and social scientists in
the 1960s.

■ It is a term used to describe how trade and technology

have made the world into a more connected and
interdependent place.
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Enrichment Activity

“Understanding Globalization”

■ PROCEDURES (Rethinking Globalization):

■ Look in your area, at the tags on your clothing, at your cell
phone, etc. For each person in the class, try to identify
where at least one object you have with you was made. Do
some research about this object. Chart your discoveries on
a piece of paper.

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Report Out /Presentation
■ Each student presents his/her discoveries
■ What do you know about each of the countries/regions where these
objects were made?
■ For those not made in the United States, why do you think these objects
were made overseas?
■ Who profits from these objects being made in another country but sold
here?
■ Who suffers or is exploited?
■ Why do you think our economy is set up in this way?
■ How is this conversation related to our previous conversation about a
poor community? (these poor communities are not only exploited by
local/national systems but by global ones as well)
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