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Polyethylene and Polypropylene

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24 views

Polyethylene and Polypropylene

Uploaded by

philipkvuasi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GROUP THREE(3)

BARTELS VERA 200017094

BEKOE AARON 200013317

UMARU AWUDU 200020621

MENSAH KWASI PAUL 200003154

GODFRED AFEDZI 200027886

OPOKU AMOAKO CHRISTIAN 200009583

KINGFORD KOJO KODUAH 200020917

ISSAH TOFFICK 200015254

CHARLES APPIAH 200028312

LOIS BAIDOO 200005132

BISMARK KUSI BOADI 200003924

JAMES KUMI KWARTENG 200000787

ISAAC ANYINDANBAH 200010953


POLYETHYLENE

Polyethylene is a type of polyolefin(PE). It is

available in different crystalline structures referred

to as HDPE,LDPE,LLDPE. This commodity

plastic is produced by addition polymerization.


STRUCURE OF POLYETHYLENE

The chemical formula is (C2H4)n.


POLYMERIZATION OF
POLYETHYLENE
EXAMPLES OF POLYETHYLENE

§
TYPES OF POLYETHYLENE
 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

 Medium-Density Polyethylene (MDPE

 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX)

 High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE)

 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)

 Very-Low-Density Polyethylene (VLDPE)


CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE

 Chemical Resistance

 Low Density

 Electrical Insulation

 Water Resistance

 Ease of Processing

 Recyclability
USES OF POLYETHYLENE

 Packaging Materials

 Plastic Bottles

 Wire and Cable Insulation

 Automotive Parts

 Toys

 Industrial Linings
POLYPROPYLENE

 Polypropylene (PP) is a rigid and crystalline


thermoplastic polymer. . It is a type of polyolefin
that is slightly harder than polyethylene. It is a type
of plastic that belongs to the polyolefin family,
along with polyethylene. Polypropylene is produced
through the polymerization of propylene or propene
monomers.
STRUCURE OF POLYPROPYLENE

 Its chemical formula is (C3H6)n.


POLYMERIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE
WITH A METAL CATALYST
STRUCURE OF POLYPROPYLENE
CONT’D
Upon polymerization, PP can form three basic chain structures. They
depend on the position of the methyl groups:

 Atactic polypropylene (aPP) – Irregular methyl group (CH3)


arrangement

 Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) – Methyl groups (CH3) arranged on


one side of the carbon chain

 Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) – Alternating methyl group


(CH3) arrangement
TYPES OF POLYPROPYLENE

Homopolymer Polypropylene

Random Copolymer Polypropylene

Block Copolymer Polypropylene

 Catalyst Type
CATALYST TYPE

 Polypropylene can also be categorized based on the type

of catalyst used during its polymerization process.

Ziegler-Natta Polypropylene

Metallocene Polypropylene
Ziegler-Natta Polypropylene
 This is the traditional method of producing polypropylene, using

Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Example are TiCl4+Et3Al and

TiCl3+AlEt2Cl It results in a wide molecular weight distribution,

offering good processability and cost-effectiveness. Ziegler-Natta

polypropylene is commonly used in a variety of applications,

from packaging to fibers.


Metallocene Polypropylene

 Metallocene polypropylene is produced using metallocene catalysts.

Example is ferrocenium, [Fe(C5H5)2]+.which allow for more precise

control of the polymer's molecular structure. This leads to a more

uniform and narrower molecular weight distribution, enhancing

properties like clarity, flexibility, and impact resistance.


CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYPROPYLENE

High melting point

Chemical resistance

Low density

High stiffness

Excellent electrical properties


USES OF POLYPROPYLENE
 Packaging materials: Bottles, containers, caps, and films.

 Automotive parts: Bumpers, interior trim, and battery cases.

 Textiles: Carpets, upholstery, and geotextiles.

 Medical devices: Syringes, medical trays, and bottles.

 Appliances: Food containers, microwave-safe dishes, and kitchenware.

 Industrial applications: Piping systems, industrial fibers, and packaging

strapping.
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF
POLYPROPYLENE

 Recyclability

 Lightweight

 Low Energy Production

 Durability

 Less Water Usage

 Chemical Resistance
Comparing PP homopolymer and PP copolymer

PP Homopolymer PP Copolymer

 High strength to weight ratio and stiffer &  Bit softer but has better impact strength; tougher and

stronger than copolymer more durable than homopolymer

 Good chemical resistance  Better stress crack resistance

 Good processability  High processability

 Good impact resistance  High impact resistance

 Good stiffness  High toughness

 Food contact acceptable  Not preferable for food contact applications

Suitable for corrosion resistant structures


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLYETHYLENE
AND POLYPROPYLENE

PROPERTY POLYETHYLENE POLYPROPYLENE

 Chemical formula (C2H4)n (C3H6)n

 Melting point Lower Higher

 Flexibility Higher Lower

 Heat resistance Lower Higher

 Chemical resistance Good Very good

 Transparency More transparent Less transparent

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