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Wireless Sensor Network

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Bhumika Reddy
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27 views

Wireless Sensor Network

Uploaded by

Bhumika Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WSN

Wireless Sensor Network


Wireless sensor networks (WSN), sometimes called
wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), are
spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor
physical or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, pressure, etc.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) can be defined as a


network of small embedded devices, called sensors,
which communicate wirelessly following an ad hoc
configuration.

WSNs can measure environmental conditions such as


temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity and
wind.
Sensor nodes are used in WSN with the onboard processor
that manages and monitors the environment in a particular
area. They are connected to the Base Station which acts as
a processing unit in the WSN System.
Base Station in a WSN System is connected through the
Internet to share data.
Even though wireless sensors has limited resources in
memory, computation power, bandwidth, and energy.
With small physical size. It Can be embedded in the
physical environment.
Self-organizing multi-hop ad-doc networks.
Architecture for a WSN
The topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple
star network to an advanced multihop mesh network with a
gateway sensor node connected with a remote central
server..
Wireless Sensor Node
• sensor – A transducer – converts physical phenomenon e.g.
heat, light, motion, vibration, and sound into electrical
signals
• sensor node – sense target events, gather sensor readings,
manipulate information, send them to gateway via radio link
•Base station/sink: communicate with sensor nodes and
user/operator
• sensor network – consists of a large number of sensor
nodes – nodes deployed either inside or very close to the
sensed phenomenon
The five layers in the architecture are:
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
The three cross layers include the following:
Power Management Plane
Mobility Management Plane
Task Management Plane
Components of WSN:
Sensors:
Sensors in WSN are used to capture the environmental variables
and which is used for data acquisition. Sensor signals are
converted into electrical signals.
Radio Nodes:
It is used to receive the data produced by the Sensors and sends it
to the WLAN access point. It consists of a microcontroller,
transceiver, external memory, and power source.
WLAN Access Point:
It receives the data which is sent by the Radio nodes wirelessly,
generally through the internet.
Evaluation Software:
The data received by the WLAN Access Point is processed by a
software called as Evaluation Software for presenting the report
to the users for further processing of the data which can be used
for processing, analysis, storage, and mining of the data.
Characteristics
•Power consumption constraints for nodes using batteries
or energy harvesting.
•Ability to cope with node failures
•Some mobility of nodes
•Heterogeneity of nodes
•Homogeneity of nodes
•Scalability to large scale of deployment
•Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions
•Ease of use
Advantages
It avoids a lot of wiring .
It can accommodate new devices at any time .
It's flexible to go through physical partitions .
It can be accessed through a centralized monitor.
Disadvantages
• Lower speed compared to wired network.
• Less secure because hacker's laptop can act as Access
Point. If you connected to their laptop, they'll read all your
information (username, password.. etc).
•More complex to configure than wired network.
•Gets distracted by various elements like Blue-tooth .
• Still Costly at large.
• It does not make sensing quantities in buildings easier.
• It does not reduce costs for installation of sensors.
• It does not allow us to do more than can be done with a
wired system
Challenges of WSN:

•Quality of Service
•Security Issue
•Energy Efficiency
•Network Throughput
•Performance
•Ability to cope with node failure
•Cross layer optimization
•Scalability to large scale of deployment
Applications of WSN:

•Internet of Things (IOT)


•Surveillance and Monitoring for security, threat detection
•Environmental temperature, humidity, and air pressure
•Noise Level of the surrounding
•Medical applications like patient monitoring
•Agriculture
•Landslide Detection

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