PARAGRAPH

DEVELOPMENT
Syeda Noor Ul Huda Kazmi
 Misconceptions about paragraphing

Paragraph is just a combination of sentences.

Change a paragraph when it gets lengthy.

Paragraph has an appropriate length.

 What is a paragraph?
 A paragraph is a group of sentences which
relate to a topic in a coherent and logical
sequence. Every paragraph should have one
topic, which is usually presented in the first
sentence called topic sentence. All the other
sentences in the paragraph must develop and
support the topic.
 When you write a paragraph, keep the topic in
mind and try not to include sentences that are
irrelevant ( not directly related), which could
confuse the reader.
My mother is a very busy person. She works sixteen hours a day.
She goes to office early in the morning and comes back quite late at
night. Sometimes, she works on Saturdays. She has no time for play
or fun.

My mother is a very busy person. I love her. She is very kind

hearted. I love to stay with her all day long. I have three more
sisters. All of them keep on fighting and arguing but I love them too.
The Purpose of a Paragraph Writing

Demonstrate your
knowledge

Offer Develop an
Evidences/Ex argument/Dis
amples cussion
 Example
 Trees are useful to us. They clean the air
around us. On a hot day, they give us shade.
We can use their wood to build our homes.
Trees also help to keep the environment fresh.
They provide as oxygen. So they are beneficial
in every aspect.
Elements in Paragraph Writing

Completeness
Coherence
Order
Unity
 Coherence (Linking words)
 Also
 To summarise
 Similarly
 furthermore
 In the same way
 Equally
 Firstly
 Likewise
 Moreover
 etc
 Progression of a paragraph
A
E
T
E
v
o
ix
n
p
d
p
i
aenlc
lceans
e
y
/
a
E
n

sxattei
imponc
slene

C
o
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

s
t
a
t
e
m
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n
t
 Topic sentence
 The first sentence in a paragraph that controls
the other sentences.
 It presents the topic and controlling idea (an
important idea about the topic) of the
paragraph.
 Supporting sentences
 The main part of the paragraph
 To add credibility to your argument
 Provide several supporting points that explain
the controlling idea of the paragraph.
 Provide details to explain each supporting
point.
 • Expert Opinion • Facts and Statistics •
Personal Experiences • Others’ Experiences •
Brief Stories • Research Studies • Your Own
Analysis • Interviews
Unification in details
 Concluding sentences
 Must sum up the entire paragraph.
 It is the reflection of the idea presented in topic
sentence.
Identify Topic sentence, supporting ideas
and concluding sentences
 Growing a garden can be fun, good exercise, and
will provide fresh fruits and vegetables for the
gardener. It is interesting to watch the seeds pop
their heads above the soil for the first time. It is
sometimes hard to believe that a little seed can
become a large vine or plant in just a few weeks.
Planting the seeds and pulling weeds are good
exercise for anyone. Then, after watching the plant
grow and produce, the gardener ends up with
delicious tomatoes, beans, or other yummy produce
from the garden. It’s indeed a relaxing, healthy and
fruitful activity to do.
 Growing a garden can be fun, good exercise, and
will provide fresh fruits and vegetables for the
gardener. It is interesting to watch the seeds pop
their heads above the soil for the first time. It is
sometimes hard to believe that a little seed can
become a large vine or plant in just a few weeks.
Planting the seeds and pulling weeds are good
exercise for anyone. Then, after watching the plant
grow and produce, the gardener ends up with
delicious tomatoes, beans, or other yummy produce
from the garden. It’s indeed a relaxing, healthy and
fruitful activity to do.
 Important points to remember
 Do not present new ideas in the paragraph.
 Do not repeat the same point over and over
again.
 Try to validate your topic sentence with the
most effective supporting points.
 The opening sentence must attract the reader,
while the concluding sentence must leave the
reader with a sense of satisfaction.
 Interpret the given paragraph
 The root cause of childhood Attention Deficit Disorder
(ADD) is difficult to determine, since many biological,
genetic, and environmental factors may contribute. While
genetics can help explain the prevalence of ADD in
children and families, they do not necessarily explain its
cause (Winger, 2012). Environmental factors such as social
interaction, attachment, and other factors can also play a
huge role in the development of ADD but are not
necessarily its root, according to Graymond (2011, p. 33).
Research suggests that genetic and environmental
interactions may both be important in conditioning the risk
of ADD as well as its severity and progression. In the
classic question of “nature v. nurture,” in this case, the
answer appears to be both.
 The root cause of childhood Attention
Deficit Disorder (ADD) is difficult to Topic
determine, since many biological, genetic, Sentence
and environmental factors may contribute.
While genetics can help explain the
prevalence of ADD in children and
families, they do not necessarily explain its Supporting Detail
cause (Winger, 2012). Environmental #1
factors such as social interaction,
attachment, and other factors can also play
a huge role in the development of ADD Supporting Detail #
but are not necessarily its root, according 2
to Graymond (2011, p. 33). Research
suggests that genetic and environmental
interactions may both be important in
Concluding
conditioning the risk of ADD as well as its sentence
severity and progression. In the classic
question of “nature v. nurture,” in this
case, the answer appears to be both.
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