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Physics of Compression

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M.Mubashar Ali
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8 views

Physics of Compression

Uploaded by

M.Mubashar Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics of tablets

compression
Presented To: Dr. Huda Javed
Presented By: Furqan Raza
Introduction:
Tablets constitutes about 70-80% of all pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Processes:
Wet granulation
Dry granulation
Direct compression
Compaction represents one of the most important unit operations in the pharmaceutical industry.
Compaction is the situation in which the materials are subjected to some level of mechanical forces.
The physics of compaction may be stated as the compression & consolidation of two phase system due to
the applied force.
• Invention of tabletting machine: in 1843 by William Brockedon.
Compression:
Compression means a reduction in the bulk volume of a material as
a result of the removal of the gaseous phase(air) by applied
pressure.
Consolidation:
• Consolidation is defined as an increase in the mechanical strength.
• Compaction:
• Compaction of powders is the term used to describe the situation
in which the materials are subjected to some level of mechanical
forces.th of a material resulting from particle-particle interactions.
Stages involved in compression:
Stages involved are:
1. Transitional repacking/ Particle rearrangement
2. Deformation at points of contact
3. Fragmentation
4 Bonding
5. Removal of pressure
6. Deformation of solid bonding
7. Decompression
• 8.Ejection
Particle size reduction:
Particles are rearranged under compaction pressure to form a closer
packing structure. The finer particles enter the voids between the larger
ones & give a closer packing arrangement.
• The energy is evolved as a result of interparticulate friction & there is
an increase in amount of particle
Bonding:
After fragmentation of particles, as the pressure increases, formation of
new bonds between the particles at the contact area occurs.
There are 3 theories about bonding of particles in the tablet by
compression
1) Mechanical theory
2) Intermolecular force theory
• 3) Liquid surface film theory
Decompression:
The success & failure of intact tablet depends on stress induced by
elastic rebound & the associated deformation produced during
compression & ejection.
As the upper punch is withdrawn from the die the tablet is confined in
die cavity by radial pressure consequently any radial change during
decompression must occur in axial direction.
Thus capping is due to unaxial relaxation in die cavity at the point
where punch pressure is released & some may occur at ejection.
• If decompression occurs in all directions simultaneously capping is
reduced.
Ejection:
Forces involved in compression:
1. Frictional forces
A. Interparticulate friction; reduced by adding glidants.
B. Die wall friction; reduced by adding lubricants.
2. Radial forces
3 Ejection force; the force necessary to eject a finished tablet.
• 4. Distribution forces

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