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Lesson 1

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Lesson 1

Uploaded by

Strawberry Cub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Warm-up!

 Where can you find information, if you are


asked to research about the life of our
national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal?

 HISTORY BOOKS
 If you are looking for the meaning of a
difficult word, what is the best source for
this?

 DICTIONARY
 If you are watching a documentary, can we
consider it as a good source of
information? Why or why not?

 YES
Various Types of
Sources
LESSON 1
Sources
 As you conduct research, you will consult different
sources of information. A professor may
request primary, secondary, or tertiary sources.
Depending on your subject and field of study, you
may want to begin your research by looking at some
secondary sources to get a good idea of what
primary sources are available and what is being said
about them. Then you can move on to looking at the
primary sources to make your own interpretations.
Different Types of
Sources of Information
Primary Sources of Information
 Primary sources are original materials. They are
from the time period involved and have not been
filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Primary
sources are original materials on which other
research is based. They are usually the first formal
appearance of results in physical, print or electronic
format. They present original thinking, report a
discovery, or share new information.
 Artifacts (e.g. coins, plant specimens, fossils, furniture,
tools, clothing, all from the time under study)
 Audio recordings (e.g. radio programs)
 Diaries
 Patents
 Internet communications on email
 Interviews (e.g., oral histories, telephone, e-mail)
 Journal articles published in peer-
reviewed publications
 Letters
 Newspaper articles written at the time
 Original Documents (i.e. birth certificate, will, marriage license, trial
transcript)
 Photographs
 Proceedings of Meetings, conferences and symposia
 Records of organizations, government agencies (e.g. annual report,
treaty, constitution, government document)
 Speeches
 Survey Research (e.g., market surveys, public opinion polls)
 Video recordings (e.g. television programs)
 Works of art, architecture, literature, and music (e.g., paintings,
sculptures, musical scores, buildings, novels, poems)
 Website
Secondary Sources of Information
 Secondary sources are less easily defined than
primary sources. Generally, they are accounts written
after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are
interpretations and evaluations of primary sources.
Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather
commentary on and discussion of evidence.
However, what some define as a secondary source,
others define as a tertiary source. Context is
everything.
 Bibliographies (also considered tertiary)
 Biographical works
 Commentaries, criticisms
 Dictionaries, Encyclopedias (also considered tertiary)
 Histories
 Journal articles (depending on the discipline can be primary)
 Magazine and newspaper articles (this distinction varies by
discipline)
 Monographs, other than fiction
 Textbooks (also considered tertiary)
 Web site (also considered primary).
Tertiary Sources of Information
 Tertiary sources consist of information which is a
distillation and collection of primary and secondary
sources.
 Almanacs
 Bibliographies (also considered secondary)
 Chronologies
 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias (also considered secondary)
 Directories
 Fact books
 Guidebooks
 Indexes, abstracts, bibliographies used to locate primary and
secondary sources
 Manuals
 Textbooks

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