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Accessibility

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Jean Supena
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8 views

Accessibility

hci

Uploaded by

Jean Supena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Accessibility / Handicapped

Computer Accessibility
Accessible to all people regardless of
disability or severity of impairment

Assistive technology
Combination of hardware and software
Enables the use of a computer by a person
with impairment
Types of impairment
 Cognitive
Developmental, learning disabilities
 Memory, perception, problem-solving, and conceptualizing
Ranges from ADHD to severe retardation
20% of the U.S. population affected by mental disorders
 Visual
Low-vision, complete or partial blindness, color blind
3.4% of the U.S. population
 Hearing
Hard hearing, deafness
Often non-speaking
8.2% of the U.S. population
 Physical
 Paralysis
 Not able to use conventional input devices
Computer Accessibility History
 1971
 Trace Center was founded
 Part of the College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin
 Address the communication needs of people who are nonspeaking
or have severe disabilities
 1980’s
 Personal computers moved in to peoples’ houses
 The Trace Center became a leader in making computers
accessible to people with all types of disabilities
 1984 “computer design guidelines” was developed by Trace
 1980s & 1990s, the Trace Center worked directly with the
computer companies to integrate disability access features
into their products
First Accessibility Products
 1980’s
First “Access Pack”
StickyKeys, SlowKeys, ShowSounds
DOS ver. 1, 2, 3
Optional
 Late 80’s
Dragon
Speech recognition
ZoomText
 screen magnifier
JAWS
Screen-reading package
Accessibility Guidelines
 How to make products accessible?
 Direct Accessibility
Simple, low-cost
Beneficial to normal people
Example: “StickyKey" feature
 Accessibility via Standard Options or Accessories (from the
manufacturer)
Used when direct accessibility is not possible
Not offered for all products
Extra-cost or free on request
Example: raised letter or
Braille overlay
on keyboard
Facilitation of Custom Modifications
For people with combination or severe
disability
Custom modifications of the product
Standard product manufacturers should
facilitate this as much as they can
Leave room for special attachments
Documenting places to patch into software
or hardware
Publishing information to safe
modification to the product
Honoring warranties after modification
where the modification did not result
in the problem
Example: General Motors offers up to
$1,000 reimbursement of adaptive
equipment costs on eligible vehicles
Accessibility Guidelines (Cont.)

Compatibility with Third Party Assistive


Devices
Often difficult or impossible to connect the
assistive devices to standard products
Special interfaces or accessories from third
party assistive device manufacturers
Cooperation between mass manufacturers
and assistive device manufacturers
Example: "SerialKeys" for alternative input
devices
Assistive Technology Solutions
 Cognitive
very few assistive devices for people
 Visual
Screen magnifier
Screen reader
Speech synthesizer
Refreshable Braille Display
 Hearing
System sounds substitution with visual notifications
Speech to text
IBM SiSi Project
 Physical
Alternate input devices: switch, joystick, trackball
Speech recognition software
Famous example: Stephen Hawking
Assistive Technology solutions
visual impairment
 Screen Readers
speaks everything on the screen including
graphics and text
 Speech Synthesizers
Speaks the input
 Refreshable Braille Displays
The user reads the Braille letters, after a line is
read, refreshes the display to read the next
line
Video
 http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?
DocumentID=3652&SectionID=7&SubTopicID=97&T
opicID=330
Assistive Technology solutions
hearing impairment

 IBM SiSi
 Say it, Sign it
 Speech recognition module
 Speech-to-sign language
 Animated signing Avatars in the corner of the display
Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RarMKnjqzZU
Assistive Technology solutions
physical impairment
 Stephen Hawking
Professor at Cambridge university
International icon for science and intelligence
One of the world’s most recognizable disabled
people
Has been suffering from
ALS for three decades
Published a lot of
papers and books
Stephen Hawkins Utilizing Assistive
Technology
 1970’s
 Dictating letters to a secretary
 Gave seminars through an interpreter
 1985
 Could only communicate using his eyebrow
 Equalizer software
 Uses menus of word
 1990’s
 He receives a copy of “EZ keys” software
 Program is based on word prediction
 Converts text to speech
 Speeds up communication
 A laptop and voice synthesizer was installed on his wheelchair
 He is able to speak in seminars, write papers and books
 “The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent !”
Video
 http://singularityhub.com/2010/05/03/how-
does-stephen-hawking-talk-video/
Web Accessibility
 Enabling access to Web content for all users
 W3C Guidelines
 Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content
Name links meaningfully
helps blind users using text-to-speech software and/or text-
to-Braille hardware
 Don't rely on color alone
Make links underlined as well as colorful
Help color-blind people recognize the links
 Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes
Ensure that moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating
objects or pages may be paused or stopped
 For complete list of guidelines use
www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/

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