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Tuberculosis

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12 views

Tuberculosis

Uploaded by

kumarimani7037
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC TUBERCULOSIS

Introduction

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by


the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect


other parts of the body.

Tuberculosis spreads through the air when an


infected person coughs or sneezes.
Symptoms

Common symptoms of tuberculosis include a


persistent cough, chest pain, and coughing up
blood.

Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight


loss, fever, and night sweats.

Symptoms can be mild at first and worsen over


time if left untreated.
Diagnosis

Tuberculosis can be diagnosed through a


combination of medical history, physical
examination, and diagnostic tests.

Diagnostic tests include chest X-rays, sputum


tests, and tuberculin skin tests.

Blood tests and imaging studies may also be


used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment

Tuberculosis is treated with a combination of


antibiotics over a period of 6 to 9 months.

The most common antibiotics used are


isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and
pyrazinamide.

It is important to complete the full course of


treatment to prevent the development of drug-
resistant strains.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs when the


bacteria become resistant to the antibiotics used
to treat the infection.

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)


and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
(XDR-TB) are more difficult to treat.

Treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis may


require longer courses of different antibiotics
with more side effects.
Prevention

Prevention of tuberculosis includes vaccination


with the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
vaccine in countries where the disease is
prevalent.

Other preventive measures include good


ventilation, wearing masks around infected
individuals, and early detection and treatment.

Screening high-risk individuals such as


healthcare workers and those with compromised
immune systems is also important for
prevention.
Global Impact

Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of


death worldwide, according to the World Health
Organization (WHO).

In 2020, an estimated 10 million people fell ill


with tuberculosis globally.

Low- and middle-income countries bear the


highest burden of tuberculosis cases and deaths.
Tuberculosis and HIV

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death among


people living with HIV/AIDS.

People with HIV are more susceptible to


tuberculosis due to their weakened immune
systems.

It is crucial for individuals with HIV to undergo


regular screening for tuberculosis and receive
appropriate treatment if diagnosed.
Research and Innovation

Ongoing research aims to develop new


vaccines, diagnostic tools, and treatment
regimens for tuberculosis.

Innovations such as shorter treatment courses,


better diagnostics, and novel drug combinations
are being explored.

Collaborations between governments, research


institutions, and pharmaceutical companies are
key to advancing tuberculosis research.
Conclusion

Tuberculosis remains a global health challenge,


requiring continued efforts in prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment.

Early detection and treatment are crucial in


controlling the spread of tuberculosis and
reducing mortality.

By raising awareness, investing in research, and


ensuring access to quality healthcare, we can
work towards a world free of tuberculosis.

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