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Lesson Plan - Grade VIII - Week 2 - Meeting 2 - Heat & Temperature

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6 views

Lesson Plan - Grade VIII - Week 2 - Meeting 2 - Heat & Temperature

Uploaded by

Pray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 18

Sekolah Kallista

Cambridge Lower Secondary


11 to 14 years old

Science 0893
Heat & Temperature

Prayoga Wirya Alamsyah, S.T.

July 29, 2024 Grade-8


Learner Guidance
• Prior knowledge : 3’
• Objectives : 2’
• Introduction : 5’
• Lesson : 40’
• Activities : 10’
• Conclusion : 5’
• Assessment : 15
• References :-
Prior Knowledge
Objective
• Describe the difference between heat and temperature.
Introduction
Heat & Temperature
• Heat :The amount of energy transferred from one body to another by virtue of a
temperature difference between them.
Heat is not the energy content of a body although it is frequently used that way.
The proper term is thermal energy.
Unit of heat is: Joule

• Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a


substance.
That property of a body of matter that gives rise to sensations of hot and cold.
Temperature and Thermal Energy
Temperature - measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
particles in a substance -
particles in box on right have
higher temperature - higher
velocity = more KE = higher
temperature

Both boxes have same


temperature - particles have
same average velocity/KE - box
on right has more thermal energy
- energy contained in a
substance - more particles

Why does water burn your skin so much quicker than air?
Why is falling into a 32º F lake more dangerous than standing outside
naked on a 32º F?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
This diagram compares three common temperature scales. The Fahrenheit scale is used in
the United States, but nearly all other countries use the Celsius scale. Scientists prefer the
Kelvin scale because O K represents absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature.
TEMPERATURE SCALES
WATER
__________________________
ABSOLUTE ZERO FREEZING POINT BOILING POINT
_________________________________________________
FAHRENHEIT -459° 32° 212°
CELSIUS -273° 0° 100°
KELVIN (ABSOLUTE) 0° 273° 373°

CONVERSIONS:
CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT
F = 9/5C + 32
FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS
C = 5/9 x (F - 32)
CELSIUS TO KELVIN
K = C + 273.
Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy: Total of all energies, kinetic plus potential, internal to a


substance.

Quantity of Heat: Calorie or Joule


1 calorie = Amount of thermal energy required to change the
temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C.
1 joule = 0.239 calories (1 Calorie = 4.187 joules)
1 kilocalorie = 1,000 calories (usually spelled with a capital C)
Specific Heat Capacity, c: Thermal inertia

Specific Heat Capacity is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1
gram of a substance by 1° C.
If Q units of of thermal energy added to 1 gram a substance produce a temperature
change of ∆T,
Q = c x ∆T
Specific heat , c, of a substance is the heat capacity per unit mass.
For m grams of a substance,
Q = cm ∆T
Water has high specific heat capacity - used as a cooling fluid.
Specific heat capacity of water is 1calorie per gram-deg. C.
Heat Transfer Processes

Conduction – transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region


of lower temperature by increased kinetic energy moving from molecule
to molecule through collisions between molecules. Occurs in solids.
Convection – transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region
of lower temperature by the flow of higher energy molecules. Occurs in
gases and liquids.
Radiation – transfer of heat by emission and absorption of radiant energy
(energy that can travel through space as electromagnetic radiation, like
visible light).
The state or phase of matter is
determined by its temperature.

Consider water:

Below 32º F - ice - relatively low


KE - each molecule tightly bound
to it neighbors - solid

At 32º F molecules have enough


energy to break solid bonds of ice
- remain together but move
relatively freely - liquid

At 212º F water boils and turns to


gas - molecules break free of all
bonds with neighbors - move
independently of other molecules
- gas
Phase/State Changes
Heat transfer always occurs whenever a substance changes phase

Melting - when a solid changes to a liquid


Energy is
absorbed Evaporation - when a liquid changes to a gas

Sublimation - when a solid changes directly to a gas


Energy is
released Condensation - when a gas changes to a liquid

Freezing - when a liquid changes to a solid


Conclusion
• Describe the difference between heat and temperature.
Reference
• Cambridge Lower Secondary Science Learner's Book 9
• https://www.savemyexams.com
Thank You

cambridge.org/internationaleducation © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023


© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2021
Activity
Classify all objects inside classroom, determine whether it sinks or floats in water!
Sinks: Table Glass Chairs Fan Calculator Laptop Projector AC Human Glasses
Phone Cabinet Watch
Float : Plastic Pen Pencil Paper Water Bottle (Empty) Eraser Empty Bag Curtain
Wooden Door People Pencil Case Tipe-X ID Card Money

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