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Cell Theory

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9 views

Cell Theory

Uploaded by

johnwayneflores6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL

THEORY
Guess the Word!

LECL
Guess the Word!

CELL
Guess the Word!

ORLLESGANE
Guess the Word!

ORGANELLES
Guess the Word!

LLEC
YREOHT
Guess the Word!

CELL
THEORY
Guess the Word!

BERTRO
EKOOH
Guess the Word!

ROBERT
HOOKE
Today, you will...
Explain the postulates of
the cell theory

List and describe the


contributions of different
scientists in the cell theory

Create a timeline to show the


contributions of different
scientists in the cell theory
A cell is the smallest unit of a
What is a cell? living thing. It is the basic building
block of all living organisms.

plant cell animal cell


Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke coined
the term ‘cell’ in 1665.

 He was able to observe in a piece of cork


specimen structures which appear as tiny
compartments similar to small rooms that are
fitted to each other.
Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek
In 1676, he published his observations on tiny
living organisms which he named “animalcules”.

 It was believed that Leeuwenhoek was the first


to observe under his microscope the structure of
a red blood cell of different animals as well as
sperm cell.
Matthias Jakob
Schleiden (1838)

- a German botanist who


concluded that all plant parts are
made of cells.
Theodor Schwann
(1839)

- a botanist and a close friend of


Schleiden, stated that all animal
tissues are composed of cells, too.
Rudolf Virchow

- concluded that all cells come


from pre-existing cells.
THE CELL THEORY
The cell theory is universal for all living things, no matter how simple
or complex, tiny or huge it is.

This theory can be summed up into three basic components:


1) All living things are composed of one or more cells;
2) The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things; and
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells
All living things are fundamentally made up of cell; this entails
no exception no matter how simple or complex that organism is or
to what environment it is exposed to.

Ø A single-celled organism can perform all the essential


functions which enable it to grow, survive, and reproduce.
Ø Multicellular organisms are more complex in structure and function but the
mechanism on how it is able to live is still the same with the simple life forms.
Strongly related to this is the second postulate which states that the cell is the basic
unit of life.

The cell operates similar to a complete machine which has many compartments
that perform different but interrelated and interconnected functions.

Finally, all cells come from pre-existing cells which signifies that cells cannot be
spontaneously created but it will always be product of reproduction from a pre-
existing cell.
CELL STRUCTURES

Cell structures can only be observed under high


magnification electron microscope and are separated
internally into numerous membranous compartments
called organelles (little organs).
Organelles perform a variety of functions:
ü Production of proteins
ü Storage of important materials
ü Repairing cell parts
ü Digestion of substances
ü Maintaining the shape and structure of the cell
CELL WALL

- the primary function of the


cell wall is to protect and
provide structural support to the
cell.
CELL
MEMBRANE
- a cell membrane encloses the cell and separates it
from external environment.
- It is also selectively permeable to allow some
molecules to pass through the membrane such as
H₂O, CO₂, and O₂.
- The cell membrane plays an important role in
regulating the entry and exit of specific substances
within the cell.
CYTOPLASM

- a jelly-like substance which is mainly


composed of water with dissolved substances
such as salt and proteins.
- the cytoplasm is responsible for the fluid
nature of the cell’s internal environment and
that which allows the organelles to suspend
dynamically.
NUCLEUS

- is the control center of the cell.


- The vital function of a nucleus is to
store DNA or hereditary information
required for cell division, metabolism
and growth.
NUCLEOLUS

- it is where the subunits of the


ribosomes are assembled and include
the synthesis and maturation of
ribosomal RNA for release in the
cytoplasm where protein synthesis
occurs.
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

- is a membranous system of
interconnected tubules which
served as the transport system of
the cell.
ROUGH ER

- appears grainy in structure


- it is responsible in the
production of secretory
proteins such as
glycoproteins.
SMOOTH ER

- lacks ribosomes on its surface.


- Various metabolic processes
such as metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipid synthesis,
and detoxification of drugs and
chemicals are performed in this
organelle.
RIBOSOMES

- they are the smallest


membrane-bound organelles
which comprise RNA and
protein.
- they are the sites for protein
synthesis, hence, also referred
to as the protein factories of the
cell.
GOLGI
APPARATUS
- consist of stacks or piles of
flattened sacs called cisternae,
which functions in the
packaging, sorting, and refining
of products that the cells are
making.
VACUOLE
- is one organelle that is larger in plants
than in animal cells.
- the central vacuole serves as the main
compartment for storing essential
organic and inorganic compounds.
- they help in the storage and disposal of
various substances.
- they can store food or other nutrients
required by a cell to survive.
MITOCHONDRION

- is the powerhouse of the cell


where cellular respiration takes
place.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is
the usable form of energy for the
cell to perform its functions.
CHLOROPLAST
- is only found in plant cell and other
photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms.
- it is the site for food production. By
capturing light or solar energy, the
chloroplast convert it to organic
compounds such as sugar from carbon
dioxide and water.
- contains the green pigment chlorophyll
which functions in glucose production.
PEROXISOMES

- protect cells by isolating and


breaking down harmful hydrogen
peroxide into water and oxygen.
These organelles ensure efficient
and safe cellular function.
THANK YOU

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