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Squamous Grandular Sarcomas

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20 views32 pages

Squamous Grandular Sarcomas

Uploaded by

moshiegon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SQUAMOUS

GLANDULAR
SARCOMAS

PRESENTED BY:
FRANK BRUNO
Objectives

• Introduction to squamous granular sarcoma


• Epidemiology
• Causes of sarcoma
• Types of sarcoma risk factors
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnoses
• Treatment
• Prevention
Introduction

• Squamous cells are flat cells arranged like


floor tiles and are thin, which allows for the
rapid passage of substances.
• Simple squamous epithelium consists of a
single layer of flat cells . It is found in parts
of the body where filtration or diffusion are
priority processes.
Introduction

•A sarcoma is a rare kind of cancer.


•Sarcomas are different from the much more
common carcinomas because they happen
in a different kind of tissue.
•Sarcomas grow in connective tissue the cells
that connect or support other kinds of tissue in
your body
Cont..

• These tumors are most common in the bones,


muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and
blood vessels of your arms and legs, but they
can also happen in other areas of your body..
Epidemiology

• Although there are more than 50 types of


sarcoma, they can be grouped into two main
kinds: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma,
or osteosarcoma.
• About 12,750 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and
800-900 new cases of bone sarcomas will be
diagnosed in the U.S. in 2019.
• Sarcomas can be treated, often by having
surgery to remove the tumor
Causes of sarcoma

• Inherited syndromes. Some syndromes that


increases the risk of cancer can be passed from
parent to children. Examples of syndromes include
familial retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis type
1
• Radiations therapy for cancer increase risk for
developing sarcoma later
• Chronic swelling ( lymphedema). Lymphedema is
swelling caused by backup of lymph fluid that
occurs when the lymphatic system is blocked or
damaged. It increases the risk of type sarcoma
called lymphangiosarcoma
Cont..

• Exposure to chemical. Certain chemicals


such as industrial chemicals and herbicides,
can increase risk of sarcoma.
• Exposure to viruses. The virus called
human herpsvirus 8 can increase the risk of a
type of sarcoma called Kaposi’s sarcoma in
people with weakened immune system.
Categories of sarcoma

• Ewing’s sarcoma makes up 14% of all


bone sarcoma diagnoses. It most commonly
affects teenagers and young adults in the pelvis,
thigh bone and shin bone being the most
commonly affected areas.
• Gynecological sarcomas, sometimes shortened
to gynae sarcomas, occur in the female
reproductive system: the uterus (womb),
endometrium (womb lining) ovaries, vagina,
vulva and fallopian tubes. They can affect women
of any age although they are very rare in women
Cont..

• Kaposi’s sarcoma is a rare type o Kaposi’s


sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that affects the
skin, mouth and occasionally the internal organs.
• Osteosarcoma is a type of bone sarcoma mostly
diagnosed in teenagers and young people;
however, it can also affect older adults. It mostly
affects the knee, thigh bone, shin bone or upper
arm. They make up 30% of all bone sarcoma
diagnoses
Conti..

• Rhabdomyosarcoma develops in the skeletal or


voluntary muscles of the body – the muscles we can
control ourselves. It is most commonly found in the
head and neck but it also occurs in the abdomen. This
is a rare type of sarcoma that affects more children than
adults.
• Synovial sarcoma develops in cells around joints and
tendons. Synovial sarcoma can occur anywhere
throughout the body but often near the knee. Synovial
sarcoma is most commonly associated with young
adults
Cont..

• Angiosarcoma develops from the cells that


make up the walls of blood vessels. It can occur
anywhere throughout the body but most
commonly in the skin, breast, liver, spleen, and
in the deep tissues of the body. Angiosarcoma in
the skin is often found on the face and scalp.
• Chondrosarcoma is a bone sarcoma that
develops in the cartilage cells. It mostly affects
adults above the age of 40 and the most common
sites are the upper arm, pelvis and thigh bone
Risk factors

• Family history
• Bone disorders like Paget's disease
• Genetic disorder such as neurofibromatosis,
Gardner syndrome, retinoblastoma, or Li-
Fraumeni syndrome
• You're been exposed to radiation, perhaps
during treatment for an earlier cancer
Symptoms of sarcoma

• Soft tissue sarcomas are hard to spot,


because they can grow anywhere in your
body. Most often, the first sign is a painless
lump. As the lump gets bigger, it might press
against nerves or muscles and make you
uncomfortable or give you trouble breathing,
or both. There are no tests that can find these
tumors before they cause symptoms that you
notice.
Cont..

• Osteosarcoma can show obvious early


symptoms, including:
• Pain in the affected bone, which may be
worse at night.
• Swelling, which often starts weeks after the
pain
• A lump, if the sarcoma is in your leg
Diagnosis of sarcoma

• If your physician thinks you may have a


sarcoma, you'll probably need a full exam
and tests, including:
• A sample of cells from the tumor, called a
biopsy
• Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an
ultrasound, or an MRI, to help see inside
your body
• A bone scan, if you might have osteosarcoma
Treatment of sarcoma

• How your sarcoma is treated depends on what


type you have, where in your body it is, how
developed it is, and whether or not it has spread to
other parts of your body, or metastasized.
• Surgery takes the tumor out of your body. In
most cases of osteosarcoma, the doctor can
remove just the cancer cells, and you won't need
your arm or leg removed, too.
• Radiation can shrink the tumor before surgery or
kill cancer cells that are left after surgery. It could
be the main treatment, if surgery isn't an option.
Cont..

• Chemotherapy drugs can also be used with or


instead of surgery. Chemo is often the first
treatment when the cancer has spread.
• Targeted therapies are newer treatments that
use drugs or man-made versions of antibodies
from the immune system to block the growth of
cancer cells while leaving normal cells
undamaged.
Cont..

• Surviving Sarcoma
• Most people diagnosed with a soft tissue
sarcoma are cured by surgery alone, if the
tumor is low-grade; that means it is not
likely to spread to other parts of the body.
More aggressive sarcomas are harder to treat
successfully.
Prevention of sarcoma

• Avoid using tobacco products


• Stay physically active by doing exercise
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Abstain from radiations
COMPLICATIONS

• Infection
• Venous thrombosis
• Sepsis
• Malnutrition
• Respiratory complication
• Infertility
• Impaired growth
Qns…

Any questions???..
Thank you…

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