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10.1 Organic Compounds: Publishing As Benjamin Cummings

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20 views11 pages

10.1 Organic Compounds: Publishing As Benjamin Cummings

Uploaded by

garciajeremiah070
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic

Chemistry: Alkanes

10.1
Organic Compounds

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1
Organic Chemistry

An organic compound

• is a compound made from carbon atoms.


• has one or more C atoms.
• has many H atoms.
• may also contain O, S, N, and halogens.

2
Organic Compounds

Typical organic compounds


• have covalent bonds.
• have low melting points.
• have low boiling points.
• are flammable.
• are soluble in nonpolar
solvents.
• are not soluble in water.

oil (organic) and water (inorganic)

3
Organic vs. Inorganic

• Propane, C3H8, is an
organic compound used
as a fuel.

• NaCl, salt, is an
inorganic compound
composed of Na+ and Cl-
ions.

Why is propane organic,


but NaCl is not?

4
Comparing Organic and Inorganic
Compounds

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5
Learning Check

Identify each characteristic as most typical of compounds


that are 1) inorganic 2) organic.

A. has a high melting point


B. is not soluble in water
C. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
D. has a formula MgCl2
E. burns easily in air
F. has covalent bonds

6
Solution

Identify each characteristic as most typical of compounds


that are 1) inorganic 2) organic.

1 A. has a high melting point


2 B. is not soluble in water
2 C. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
1 D. has a formula MgCl2
2 E. burns easily in air
2 F. has covalent bonds

7
Writing Formulas for Alkanes
In organic compounds
• carbon has 4 valence electrons and hydrogen has 1.

•
•C• H•
•
• to achieve an octet, C forms four bonds.
H H

HCH H C H


H H CH4 , methane

8
Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon

VSEPR theory
predicts that a
carbon atom with
four single,
covalent bonds,
has a tetrahedral
shape.

9
Organic Molecules

In organic molecules,
• valence electrons are shared.
• covalent bonds form between carbon atoms.

H H H H
•• ••

HCCH H C C H
•• ••
H H H H

ethane, CH3─CH3

10
Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon

In molecules with
two or more carbon
atoms, each
carbon atom with
four single bonds
has a tetrahedral
shape.

11

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