Le

French
Fries
Show
Gedelyn C. Castro, MA
Bonjour!
 Table of Contents
1. French Alphabet 5. Pronunciation 9. Plurals 13. Time

2. Accents 6. Gender 10. Days of the Week 14. Colors

3. Liaisons 7. Articles 11. Months 15. Family

4. Apostrophe 8. Adjectives 12. Numbers 16. Greetings

 French
Alphabet
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A ah N ehn
B bay O oh
C say P pay
D day Q ku
E uh R ehr
F eff S ehs
G zhay T tay
H ahsh U U
I ee V vay
J zhee W doub-luh-vay
K ka X eeks
L ehl Y ee-grec
M ehm Z zed
 Practice
Spell out using the French alphabet.

livre book
hôpital hospital
stylo pen
wagon wagon
Shaira Shaira
ajouter add
 Accents
aigu • grave • circonflêxe • tréma • cédille
Notes on Pronunciation:
 H sound does not exist in French. It is not pronounced, especially if it is the first
letter of the word.
ex. hôtel (hotel), homme (man), habiter (to live)
 Usually, the final consonant is not pronounced. The final consonant is only
pronounced if the letter “e” follows.
ex. avocat (male lawyer), avocate (female lawyer),
écrivain (male writer), écrivaine (female writer)
 Final consonants l, c, r, and f are pronounced.
ex. bol (bowl), oeuf (egg), coeur (heart), porc (pork)
1. L'accent aigu [é]
- points to the right upwards(“e” sound)
café téléphone médecine

2. L'accent grave [à, è, ù]

- points to the left and upward(“ehh” sound)
frère (brother) très (very) à la mode (fashionable)

3. Le circonflêxe [â, ê, î, ô, û]
- prolongs the vowel sounds
bâtiment (building) rôle (role) arrêt (stop)
4. Le tréma [ë, ï, ü]
- separates the pronunciation of two adjoining vowels into distinct syllables
Noël (Christmas) naïve (naïve) capharnaüm (mess)

5. La cédille [ç]
- indicates that the “ç” is pronounced like an “s”
façade (facade) leçon (lesson) reçu (received)
 Les
Liaisons
Connections
Liaisons are the linking of final consonants to vowel letters.

Il est anglaise.
[ile-zan-gle]
He’s English.

huit ans
[wi-tans]
eight years
 Letter x, s, and z should be pronounced as [z] when connecting to the next
vowel letter

dix hueres ils ont vous ècoutez

[diz-ehrs] [il-zon] [vouz-ehh-kute]
ten o’clock they have you listen
Letter f is pronounced as [v] when connecting to the next vowel.

neuf hueres
[nuhv-ehrs]
nine o’clock

Don’t forget ❗❗
The rules on pronunciation in ‘h’ sound and final consonants are important in
applying the liaisons in words.
 Practice
En été le père du bébé boit du café avec de la
crème légère avec son élève nommée Hélène.
Ils écrivent des poèmes ensemble.

In summer the baby’s father drinks coffee with light cream with his pupil
called Helen. They write poems together
Apostrophe
In French the apostrophe indicates the omission of a vowel.

L’arbre The tree

J’arrive I’m coming

Je n’ais pas I don’t have

Je m’amuse I’m having fun
When le or la precede a word beginning with a vowel or a silent h, the article
becomes l’

L’oiseau est dans l’arbre. The bird is in the tree.

L’homme est ici. The man is here.
L’orange est grosse. The orange is large.
When au, du, and de la precede a word beginning with a vowel or silent
h, they become a l’ (au), de l’ (du, de la)

Je viens de l’opera. I come from the opera.

Donnez-moi de l’eau chaude. Give me some hot water.
Je vais a l’hôpital. I am going to the hospital.
Pronunciation
Vowel sounds

y - [uw]
allure pace
hutte hut
bus bus

u – [ou]
nous we
coup d’état
 ei – [e]
reine queen
Diphthongs
treize thirteen

ai – [e]
mais corn
je t'aime i love you

oeu [œ]

Triphthongs boeuf beef

beurre butter
Semi-closed

é – [e] écrire to write

er – [e] danser to dance
ez – [e] lisez read
ed – [e] pied foot

au – [o] faux fake

ou – [o] pistou pesto
eau – [o] bataeau boat
Nasal Vowels
en – [ohn] entretien interview
im – [ahm]immobilierreal estate
an – [āhn] blanc white
in – [ahn] lapin rabbit
on – [ōh] pont bridge
un – [ahn] un one

Semivowels
oi – [wa] croissant
ui – [wi] cuisine food
ie – [ye] miel honey
Mute e
If the unaccented e is placed between two consonants and the preceding
letter is a vowel, the e should not be pronounced.

boulevard Saint Michel

vêtements clothes

If the unaccented e is placed between two consonants and the preceding

letter is a consonant, the e should be pronounced as [euh].

hébergement accomodation
avenue des Champs-Élysées
Consonants
k sound
café coffee
couper cut
porc pork

hard g sound
gare station
gourmette curb chain
guichet ticket office
Nasal Consonants
gn – [ñ] agneau lamb
n/nn bonnet cap
r/rr romarin rosemary

l and y sounds
ll – [l] village village
mille thousand
ll – [y] vanille vanilla
pavillon
Fricative Consonants
ti – [c] communication
taxi
céréale cereal

Cedille
Ç – [c] français French
olive niçoise

zj sound
[zj] jardin garden
journal newspaper
s and z sound
ss – [s] blanchisserie laundry
poisson fish

s – [z] maison house

cerise cherry

j sound
g – [j] gelatine gelatin
gin

age - [aj] fromage cheese

paysage countryside
ch and –ace sound
ch – [sh] champagne
château castle
-ace – [as] glace ice
place spot/space

-ment sound
ment – [moh] appartement apartment
batîment building
Gender
In French, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. Nouns that have
the following endings are feminine:

be, ce, de, fe, he, ne, pe, se, te, té, ve, ion, aison, rre,
lle, ie, ié, és, ue, ale, ole, ule, ure, ère, eur.

All other nouns are masculine. This applies to about 95% of all French
nouns.
 Nouns that end in -ion in English, end in -ion in French and are
feminine.

la conversation, la destruction, l'attention,

l'invasion, la composition, la définition,
l'éducation, l'instruction, la nation,
l'action, la relation, la direction.

Nouns that end in -ty in English, end in -té in French and are feminine.

la liberté, l'égalité, la fraternité, l'humanité,

l'adversité, l'université, la calamité,
lafacilité, la beauté, la difficulté, la
possibilité, l'infirmité.
Nouns that end in -or in English, end in -eur in French and ordinarily
are feminine.

la stupeur, la valeur, l'odeur, l'ardeur,

la paleur, l'erreur, l'horreur, la terreur,
la candeur, la splendeur
Articles
definite • indefinite
Articles in French are gendered. To choose the appropriate article for a noun,
identify first its gender. Only plural articles are not classified if male or female.

1. Definite Articles
- must agree with the noun in gender and number. The forms of the definite articles are:

le Masculine singular
the la Feminine singular
les Masculine and feminine
plural
 Le chat (the cat) La table (the table)
chat is masculine table is feminine
Hence, the article le Hence, the article la

If the nouns are plural, we use the article ‘les’ whether it is masculine or feminine

Les chats Les tables

2. Indefinite Articles
- must agree with the noun in gender and number. The forms of the indefinite articles
are:

un Masculine singular
a/an une Feminine singular
des Plural of un and une
 Un chat (a cat) Un animal (an animal)

Une rose (a rose) Une heure (an hour)

Des has no English equivalent

J’ai vu des étoiles dans le ciel (I saw stars in the sky)

Sometimes, des means ‘some’

Nous avons mangé des poires hier soir (We ate some pears lats night)
 Practice
Determine the gender of each noun and its corresponding article.

1. Télévision
2. Bus
3. Bateau
4. Unité
5. Père
Adjectives
Just as nouns are either masculine or feminine, adjectives must also be modified according to
gender. And of course, where there is gender, there is also number. When you use an adjective, it
must agree with the noun it is describing in both gender and number.

A. As a general rule, adjectives are placed after the nouns.

Examples:

Le chat noir (The black cat)

La fleur blanche (The white flower)

There are, however, exceptions to this rule. These are adjectives that almost always
precede the noun:

petit (small) joli or beau (beautiful)

grand (tall/big) villain (ugly)
mauvais (bad) cher (dear
bon (good) jeune (young)

Un cher ami. A dear friend

Un petit enfant. A little child
Un beau chapeau. A pretty hat.
 B. Adjectives must agree with nouns in gender and number.

Examples:

Masculine Feminine
Le chat noir (The black cat) La robe noire (The black dress)

Le grand garçon (The big boy) La grand fille (The big girl)

Plural:

Les chats noirs (The black cats) Les robes noires (The black dresses)

Les grands garçons (The big boys) Les grandes filles (The big girls)
 Practice
Rewrite each sentence, place the adjective appropriately before or after the noun in
bold.

1. (jaune) Un sac – A yellow bag

2. (noir) Un stylo – A black pen
3. (grand) Un chien – A tall dog
4. (belle) Une fleur – A beautiful flower
5. (rapide) J’ai une voiture – I got a fast car
Plurals
The plural of most French nouns and adjectives is formed
by adding ‘s’ to the singular.

Singular Plural

le piano les pianos

la vache les vaches
l’arbre les arbres
l’homme les hommes
blanc blancs
grand grands
petit petits
Exceptions:

1. Nouns and adjectives that end in s, x or z remain unchanged in the

plural.

le tapis les tapis

heureux heureux
le nez les nez
2. Most nouns and adjectives ending in al change to aux in the plural.
le cheval les chevaux
special speciaux
principal principaux

3. The plural of nouns and adjectives ending in eu and au, and a few
nouns ending in ou, is formed by adding x.
l’oiseau les oiseaux
le chapeau les chapeaux
le cheveu les cheveux
le bijou les bijoux
 Practice
Determine the plural form of the nouns or adjectives provided.

1. Le manteau
2. La chaussure
3. Le mal
4. Le feu
5. Le canal
 Days of
the Week
 MONDAY
is

LUNDI
 TUESDAY
is

MARDI
 WEDNESDAY
is

MERCREDI
THURSDAY
is

JEUDI
 FRIDAY
is

VENDREDI
 SATURDAY
is
SAMEDI
 SUNDAY
is

DIMANCHE
 Practice
1. What is the day today?

2. What is the day tomorrow?

3. What day is Family day or Fun day?

4. Thank God its _____________

Months
Les mois de l'année
The months of the year

Janvier January
Février February
Mars March
Avril April
Mai May
Juin June
Juillet July
Août August
Septembre September
Octobre October
Novembre November
Décembre December
Mon anniversaire est en Janvier.
(My birthday is in January.)

Le jour de Noël est le vingt-cinq Décembre.

(Christmas Day is on December 25.)

Nous fêtons la Saint Valentin en février

(We celebrate Valentine's Day in February.)
 Practice
Fill in the blanks.
1. Nous célébrons le jour de la fondation en __________________.
We celebrate foundation day in __________.

2. . L'examen final aura lieu le 21 __________________.

The final exam will be on __________ 21.

3 . La classe d'été commence en

The summer class starts in __________.
Numbers
Numbers in French

1 (un) 6 (six)
2 (deux) 7 (sept)
3 (trois) 8 (huit)
4 (quatre) 9 (neuf)
5 (cinq) 10 (dix)
Numbers in French

11 (onze) 16 (seize)
12 (douze) 17 (dix-sept)
13 (treize) 18 (dix-huit)
14 (quatorze) 19 (dix-neuf)
15 (quinze) 20 (vingt)
Numbers in French

30 (trente)
40 (quarante)
50 (cinquante)
60 (soixante)
70 (soixante-dix)
80 (quatre-vingts)
90 (quatre-vingt-dix)
100 (cent)
Numbers in French

Examples:

21 (vingt-et-un)
41 (quarante-et-un)
65 (soixante-cinq)
89 (quatre-vingt-neuf)
 Practice
Determine the corresponding French of each number.

a. 55
b. 69
c. 32
d. 18
Time
In French, time is based on the 24-hour clock. The simplest and the
most common way to tell the time is "il est" + hours + heures +
minutes).

2:00am Il est deux heures. It is 2 o’clock.

6:30am Il est six heures trente. It is 6:30am.

2:45pm 14:45
Il est quatorze heures quarante-cinq It is 2:45pm.

11:26pm 23:26
Il est vingt-trois heures vingt-six. It is 11:26pm.
 Practice
10:45pm

9:18am

12am

12:53pm

Note:
12 noon or 12pm = midi
12 midnight or 12am = minuit
Colors
bleu blue
blanc white
rouge red
noir black
jaune yellow
vert green
orange orange
bleu blue

blanc white
rouge red
noir black
jaune yellow
vert green
orange orange

Note: blanche is the feminine form

bleu blue
blanc white

rouge red
noir black
jaune yellow
vert green
orange orange
bleu blue
blanc white
rouge red

noir black
jaune yellow
vert green
orange orange
bleu blue
blanc white
rouge red
noir black

jaune yellow
vert green
orange orange
bleu blue
blanc white
rouge red
noir black
jaune yellow

vert green
orange orange

Note: verte is the feminine form

bleu blue
blanc white
rouge red
noir black
jaune yellow
vert green

orange orange
 Practice
Can you name the colors of the following?
Family
la maman the mummy
ma maman my mummy
la mère the mother
ma mère my mother

la femme the wife/woman

ma femme my wife/woman
le papa the daddy
mon papa my daddy
le père the father
mon père my father

le mari the husband

mon mari my husband
l’homme the man
mon homme my man
le fils the son
mon fils my son
le garçon the boy

la fille the daughter/girl

ma fille my daughter/girl
 le frère the brother
mon frère my brother

la sœur the sister

ma sœur my sister
Greetings
French Pronunciation English
Hello/good morning/good
bonjour bohn-jhoor day.
It is used in formal/informal
setting.
Hello/good evening.
bonsoir bohn-swahr It’s the polite way to greet most
people at this point in the day.
Hi/hello - to friends and
salut sah-loo family.
It’s an informal greeting
allô ah-low hello - on the telephone
How do you ask someone 'how are you' in French and how to respond?

French Pronunciation English

Enchantée en-shan-tee Nice to meet you
How are you?
comment ça va? coh-mehn sah-vah used in casual, everyday
conversations
How are you?
ça va? sa-vah used in casual, everyday
conversations
How are you?[formal]
Comment allez-vous coh-mehn tah-lah-voo should be used in with people
you don’t know that well.
French Pronunciation English
Ça va bien sah-va bee-en it’s going well
Ça va pas sah-va pah it’s not alright
bien bee-en good
pas mal pah-mal not bad
comme ci comme ça kom-see kom-sa so so
 How do you say 'goodbye' in French?

French Pronunciation English

au revoir oh rehv-wahr Goodbye

[formal and informal]
à bientôt ah bee-ehn-toe See you soon
à plus tard Ah plooh tah See you later!
bonne journée bhon jhoornee Have a nice day
bonne nuit bohn nwee Good night
 Practice
Student 1: Bonjour!
Student 2: Bonjour!

Student 1: Je’mapelle [name] et toi?

Student 2: Salut! Je suis [name]. Comment ça va?

Student 1: Ça va bien. Merci! Et toi?

Student 2: Comme ci comme ça.

Student 1: Enchantée de te rencontrer

Student 2: A vous de même

Student 1: Au revoir!
Student 2: À bientôt!
Me
 Directed by: AC Maaño

Executive Producer: AC Maaño

Assistant Producer: Jireh Pearl Casionan

Head Editor and Content Management: AC Maaño

Editor: JJ Ortiz, JP Calusin

Program and Host: Jireh Pearl Casionan

Illustrations by: Aaron Pentinio

Reporting and Research: Team French Fries

Borreo
Calusin
Camitan
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