08/07/2024 Security Level:

Increasing Microwave
Capacity and Spectrum
Efficiency

SSAR Marketing Dept. www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

How to solve bandwidth bottleneck of MBB?

Mobile
Mobiledata
datagrowth
growthby
byapplication
application(TB/month)
Mobile internet and video (TB/month)
service is very hot today 2500000

2000000
~ 13 Data/Web

High bandwidth 09
1500000
a s e, P2P
requirement n cre
xi
1000000

25
Video
500000
VoIP
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
• Source: Informa

Microwave bandwidth up to ?
Limited resource Microwave
spectrum
Big Challenge to 1/2STM1
4/8/16E1 Large spectrum
microwave 28M spectrum VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF optical
14M spectrum

PDH radio SDH radio IP radio

Traditional TDM New IP  10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 100mm 10mm 1mm 100 m
microwave microwave f 30 KHz 300 3MHz 30 300 3GHz 30 300 3T Hz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Contents
• How to solve MW spectrum shortage and bandwidth
pressure?
① PDH/SDH radio -> Packet radio; E1 -> FE
② E1 & Eth. XPIC
③ Radio LAG
④ Hitless AM technology
⑤ Bandwidth accelerator
⑥ E-band
• Full Outdoor Solution
① Upgrade PDH/SDH radio to Packet radio
-- 25% ~ 400% capacity increasing, save 80% cost/bit

Driver
Enhanced Ethernet Throughput
TDM Radio with 500
Packet Radio
limited capacity

Capacity (Mbps)
400 PDH / SDH Radio
Lower spectrum efficiency 300

200
Poor multi-service transport
100
Channel Spacing(MHz)
Too old to maintain
7 14 56
28
Channel spacing
/ Capacity 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 56MHz
PDH/SDH Radio 4*E1 - 8*E1 8*E1 - 26*E1 16*E1 - STM-1 /
Packet Radio 10M - 51M 20M - 104M 41M - 210M 82M - 420M

Packet Microwave is the best choice:

 PDH/SDH MW, max capacity on single carrier is STM-1;
Packet MW, enhanced Eth. throughput on single carrier: 10Mbps to 420Mbps
 PDH/SDH MW, 99.999%, 7MHz CS, QPSK, 10Mbps;
Packet MW, 99.9% with AM, 7MHz CS, 256QAM, 43 ~ 51Mbps
 Compare with TDM MW, 25% ~ 400% capacity increasing on Packet Radio

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

① Upgrade MW & NodeB E1 interface to FE

21Mbps/site 2E1/site
FE(20Mbps)/site 15% usage

Gi Gi
8Gbps PS domain GGSN
RAN RNC
TDM
PKT MW Core
3G NodeB
RAN Capacity is 10 times than Access Capacity.

 Limited transmission bandwidth and difficult to What is VDF’s idea?

extend capacity. – It is the Mobile backhaul network not the RAN that
 Transmission network lack of Ethernet comes to the most important issue need to be
processing capability can not fulfill the 3G concerned in the IP evolution process
service requirement such as Ethernet switch, – The MW Access Network shall evolve towards Packet
QOS, OAM etc. based technology together with RAN

FE in packet microwave: big capacity, easy extension, statistics mux, lower cost…

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

② E1 & Eth. XPIC, double air capacity

Single polar per Carrier Dual Poplar per Carrier

28MHz 28MHz f1 (28MHz)

H 183M 183M H 183M

f1 f2 183M
V V

28M@256QAM CAP: 1 * 183Mbps 28M@256QAM CAP: 2 * 183Mbps

 Traditional TDM microwave only provide XPIC based on STM-1, max to 2*STM-1
 Packet Microwave provide E1 & Eth XPIC, double air capacity for any service.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

③ Radio link-aggregation, G-level service transport

1000M

GE
POP
RNC

f1
f1 250M
H H
f2
f2 250M
Radio LAG
f1 f1 Radio LAG
250M
V V f2
f2 250M

Switch Switch Switch Switch

IFX2 IFX2 IFX2 IFX2
IFX2 IFX2 GE IFX2 IFX2
EM6T EM6T eNB EM6T EM6T

 By Radio link-aggregation technology, the large bandwidth service can be distributed to transport by multi-ODU. Based
on this, Packet microwave can realize G-level service transport.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

④ Hitless AM technology
-- Spectrum efficiency increase 4 times
Fixed Modulation Adaptive Modulation

QPSK
256QAM ... 64QAM ... QPSK ... 64QAM ... 256QAM
capacity capacity
99.9%
99.99%

data 99.995%
data voice Fixed bandwidth
99.999% Outage: 5.25min 99.999%
voice
time time
Traditional TDM MW Packet MW

 Traditional TDM MW, based on fixed modulation, bandwidth is limited, low spectrum efficiency
 Packet MW, based on advanced adaptive modulation, 4 times spectrum efficiency.
 Full modulation mode: QPSK<->16<->32<->64<->128<->256QAM
 Hitless Modulation Switching, No Interruption
 AM with QoS (8-class priority) ensures high priority traffic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

 ④ Hitless AM to reduce dish size
Using AM: Example & Case Study:

- Hop Distance: 7.5Km

Adaptive capacity adjustment of AM radios - Rain zone N
help minimizing: - Terrain Type: B

-Antenna cost - High priority traffic = 45Mbps (Voice & Video)

-Antenna transportation cost - High reliability = 99.999%
-Antenna space cost
- Low priority traffic = 55Mbps (Web browsing)
- Low reliability = 99.9%
By guaranteeing higher availability figures for - Total traffic: 100Mbps
voice traffic and by compensating acceptable
levels of availability for data transmission. - MW channel bandwidth ： 14MHz/23G
- Configuration mode: 1+0

Fixed Modulation Adaptive modulation

Availability Throughput Modulation Distance Antenna Availability Throughput Modulation Distance Antenna

7.5km 1.2m 99.999% 48 16QAM

99.999% 103 256QAM 7.5km 0.3m
2.6km 0.3m 99.9% 103 256QAM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

 MW Bandwidth @ 56MHz, 256QAM < 448Mbps

PSK
QPSK signal vectors (binary code)
 The common PSK modulation schemes include 2PSK, 4PSK(QPSK,
01 11 binary code), and 8PSK.
 For more efficient bandwidth utilization, QAM modulation schemes
Reference
are adopted.
phase
00 10  BW (@7Mhz, QPSK) ≈ 10Mbps < 7M * 2 = 14Mbps
 Ethernet throughput: 9M ~ 12Mbps
Shannon
16QAM signal vectors (quaternary code) Coding
Theorem
0010 0110 1110 1010
QAM
0011 0111 1111 1011  The common QAM modulation schemes include 4QAM, 16QAM,
32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM.

0001 0101 1101 1001  The QAM modulation schemes achieve high bandwidth utilization
efficiency. The 256QAM functions in octonary code.
0000 0100 1100 1000  BW (@56Mhz, 256QAM) ≈ 360Mbps < 56M * 8 = 448Mbps
 Ethernet throughput: 360M ~ 420Mbps

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Page 10
⑤ Bandwidth accelerator
-- One carrier up to 1G throughput
Eth frame(64~9600 Byte) 1000
No compression With compression
900

ETH Throughout (Mbps)

800
Frame head 700
Payload
(MAC+VLAN+MPLS+IP) 600
500
400
300
200
14~39 Byte Frame 100
(MAX 50%) Payload
Head 7 14 28 56
Spectrum bandwidth (MHz)

ETH frame compression Eth throughout (256QAM)

 4 layer Eth compression technology (MAC->VLAN->MPLS->IP), one carrier up to 1Gbps throughput

without XPIC.
 Compression makes no impact to latency and QoS.

For example: for Video UDP service, 73% Eth. Frame <80
Bytes, bandwidth accelerator increase air efficiency 36%

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

⑥ E-band Introduction

ITU-R Radio-Frequency Channel Arrangements e-band

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

6L/6U 7/8 11 13 15 18 23 26 28 32 38 40 - 43 GHz 52 55 57 - 64 (TDD) 71GHz - 86GHz

Traditional Radio Link

Very large spectrum available, 10 GHz but “only”

19 channels 250 MHz wide

f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f19 f ’1 f ’2 f ’3 f ’4 f ’5 f ’6 f
’
1
9
71 GHz 19X 250 MHz 76 GHz 81 GHz 19X 250 MHz 86 GHz

 E-Band use new frequency which could support larger bandwidth (1~5G)
 Currently, the commercial products only support 1Gbps in one carrier.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

 Comparison between E-band and RTN900
RTN900 (with Bandwidth RTN900 (XPIC with
Accelerator ) E-Band
Bandwidth Accelerator )

Frequency 6 ~ 38GHz 6 ~ 38GHz 71 G ~ 76GHz, 81G ~ 86GHz

Channel
7MHz, 14MHz, 28MHz, 56MHz 7MHz, 14MHz, 28MHz, 56MHz 250MHz, 1000MHz
spacing

Modulation QPSK/16/32/64/128/256QAM QPSK/16/32/64/128/256QAM BPSK, QPSK, 64QAM

Transmissi Up to 1.2Gbps @
Up to 1G @ 56MHz/256QAM Up to 2G @ 56MHz/256QAM
on capacity 1000MHz / QPSK

Transmissi
Up to 20~30KM Up to 20~30KM Up to 3~5 KM
on distance

Price/link ***USD ***USD 2~3 times to the traditional MW

Traditional Packet MW support 1Gbps@56Mhz without XPIC.

The engineering experience, long transport distance and mature technologies help Packet
Microwave to be the best choice of the hub sites and convergence links.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

Inappropriate time for commercial use of E-Band

1. The E-Band frequency

spectrum are not regulated in
Brazil, and not allocated by
Anatel.

2. Incomplete standards:
Currently, ETSI does not release mature and complete standards regarding E-Band, and E-Band fails
to provide a good mobile backhaul solution (due to high channel interference, for example) based on
the current standards. It takes a long period to formulate a complete set of standards regarding E-Band

Service Radio frequency

DA
Radio Digital Analog
Mapping FEC Modem RF Antenna
Framer IF IF
AD

ETSI EN ETSI EN
Not defined 302 217-3 302 217-4

ETSI releases the specifications and definitions regarding E-Band for the first time in July 2009

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

Huawei E-band Prototype

Feb. 2011, Huawei has launched E-band

prototype:
Support 64QAM ，
2.5Gbps/500MHz
Support hitless ACM
Huawei will develop E-band product
according to customer requirements, ETSI
standard, the mature level of product chain

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

FO Solution -- Huawei Packet MW Pole Installation

OMB(DC/AC)

2U

Cooling unit (1U)

Power Unit (1U)
Wireless antenna

1U space:
DCDU
MW Antenna&ODU

2U space:
BBU IDU/lighting-protection
unit
OMB cabinet (IDU)

Full outdoor solution for LTE micro base station

• “small size”: OMB cabinet 240(W)*390(D)*600(H)mm.
Power cabinet
• “zero footprint”: On pole and on wall, 2U space
• “Flexi & stable”: 220V AC/ -48 DC”, lightning-proof
LTE micro base station solution

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

FO Solution – FO Radio Product

FO

IF module
ODU Service module

• Weight: added < 1kg

• Power supply: -48V, POE
• Power consumption: 45W ~ 55W
• Frequency: ...15/18/23/E-Band
• Modulation: QPSK ~ 256QAM, AM
• Interface: e + o GE
• Features: L2, OAM, QoS, Syn…

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

FO radio is split radio actually in 2G/3G stage
ce
i nterfa
GE
Only onne
ct
d Eth.
MW radio TDM an ros s -c
ty
No ccapabili
y
ming capabilit
NxE1 Groo
abilities
Mobile 1 The Cap
The
ments
require
Data Card 1 FE/GE
2G/3G stage, FO has to work with indoor units
Data card 2
Zero Footprint = Zero Application

Only Eth. is required only GE interface.

Only one direction. No cross-connect

capability

The The Capabilities

requirements

LTE stage ， FO meet the network

requirement, matches micro BTS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

FO Radio Unable to Meet Service Requirements at
the 2G/3G Stage
 2G/3G stage, voice is the main service, macro BTS covers a
wide area, high network stability is very important.
 FO can not support 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD, and 1+1 FD itself
 If ODUs are more than 2, compared with the split radio, FO
takes a high CAPEX

2G/3G stage, the FO radio cannot meet

HSB, FD
the service requirements.

 LTE stage, macro BTS provides voice services and low

speed data services, micro BTS provides bandwidth
data services
 Micro BTS do not require very high network stability,
network protection is not required.

LTE stage, the FO radio matches the micro

BTS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19

FO Radio Increasing the Maintenance Cost at the
2G/3G Stage
 Double Cable workload , compare with split radio
 The cables are long and may result in surge-protection risks. And

maybe relays are required.

 The FO radio integrates the service processing unit and maybe

reliability is deteriorated.

2G/3G stage, the OPEX of FO radio increases.

 The FO radio and the micro BTS are simply deployed in the same area.
 The FO radio is connected to the micro BTS by GE cable (0.5~5m)

 The mounting height is low, and the faulty component can be easily

replaced.

LTE stage, the FO radio matches micro BTS, the

engineering and maintenance costs are decreased.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

Micro BTS, Both FO Solutions and FO equipment
Recommended

BTS Antenna
Scenario analysis:
BTS Antenna
1. Micro BTS are distributed in the
hotspot : prosperous street, office
Radio antenna building.
FO radio
for the split
radio
2. Micro BTS are located at the tail,
only one direction, no 1+1
protection
Integrated Integrated
micro BTS micro BTS
Recommended solution:
1. Zero footprint is very important, the
FO solution is recommended.
OMB cabinet
and IDU 2. Consider the expansion ,FO
solution is recommended RTN 910
+ OMB solution is better.
FO radio Fully-outdoor
solution

What’s your opinion about microwave outdoor solution?

Any special requirement?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

Thank You
www.huawei.com