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PMSM

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Thangaraj K
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12 views

PMSM

Uploaded by

Thangaraj K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronous Motors

Power Angle Characteristics of Synchronous Generator


Capability Curves of Synchronous Generators

 Rating of machine – losses


 Design – steady state conditions with automatic
voltage regulators
 Power factor – at 0.95 p.f and 0.85 p.f
 Lagging power factor require more field current
 Operation – steady state stability limit
Capability Curves
Short Circuit Transients in synchronous Generator

 After the moment of short circuit


 1. Flux linkages between stator and rotor
 2. Transient decay
 3. Steady state short circuit
Synchronous motor
 Introduction
Why it is called synchronous motor
 Construction
Working Principle

 It works on the principle of the magnetic locking


 Stator – rotating magnetic field
Ns = 120f/P r.p.m.
Why synchronous Motor Is Not Self Starting

 Due to inertia rotor is unable to rotate from its


initial position
Methods of Starting Synchronous Motor

 Using pony motors


 Using damper winding
 As a slip ring induction motor
 Using small d.c. machine coupled to it.
Using damper winding
As a slip ring induction motor
Behaviour of synchronous motor on load
1. Bach emf
2. Ideal condition on No load
3. Synchronous motor on load (with losses)
4. Synchronous motor on load
1. Back emf
 For DC motor

 For Synchronous motor


2. Ideal condition on No load
 Vph = Ebph

Phasor diagram
3. Synchronous motor on No load (with losses)

Phasor diagram

Magnetic locking under practical condition


4. Synchronous motor on load

Constant excitation circle


Torque angle characteristics
Torques in synchronous motor
 Starting torque
 Running torque
 Pull in torque
 Pull out torque
Analysis of Phasor Diagram
 Let δ be the load angle corresponding to the load on the motor. So E bph gets displaced by
angle δ.
 Vector difference of Ebph and Vph, gives the phasor which represents Ia Zs, called ERph.
 Now Zs = Ra + j Xs Ω
 where Ra = Resistance of stator per phase
 Xs = Synchronous reactance of stator per phase
 θ = tan-1 (Xs/Ra)
 and | Zs | = √(Ra2 + Rs2) Ω
 This angle 'θ' is called internal machine angle or an impedance angle.
Operation of Synchronous Motor at constant Load Variable Excitation

 Normal Excitation
 Under Excitation
 Over Excitation
 Critical Excitation
Constant Load Variable Excitation

Under Excitation Lagging P.F Eb < V

Over Excitation Leading P.F Eb > V


Critical Excitation Unity P.F Eb V

Normal Excitation Lagging Eb = V


V – CURVES AND INVERTED V – CURVES

V-curves and Inverted V-curves


Power Flow in Synchronous Motor
Power Developed by a Synchronous Motor
 From the phasor diagram of Fig. 38.10 (b), it is seen that,
 AB =Eb sin δ = Ia XS cos Φ
 or VIa cos Φ =
 Now, VIacos Φ = motor power input/phase
 ∴ Pin = ... per phase

 = ... for three phases

 Since stator Cu losses have been neglected, Pin also represents the gross
mechanical power (Pm) developed by the motor.
 ∴ Pm =

 The gross torque developed by the motor is Tg = 9.55 N–m


...Ns in rpm.
Power Developed by a Synchronous Motor – Condition for
maximum power
Hunting in Synchronous Motor

Hunting in synchronous motor Current variations during hunting


Use of Damper Winding to Prevent Hunting
Synchronous Condensers

 The power is given by, P = VI cosΦ .............. single phase

 The supply voltage is constant and hence for supplying a fixed power P, the current is
inversely proportional to the p.f. cosΦ. Let P = 5 KW is to be supplied with a voltage of
230 V then,

 Thus as p.f. decreases, becomes low, the current drawn from the supply increases to
supply same power to the load. But if p.f. maintained high, the current drawn from
supply is less.
Synchronous Condensers
The high current due to low p.f. has following disadvantages :
1. For higher current, conductor size required is more which increases the
cost.
2. The p.f. is given by

Thus for fixed active power P, low p.f. demands large KVA rating
alternators and transformers. This increases the cost.
3. Large current means more copper losses and poor efficiency.

4. Large current causes large voltage drops in transmission lines, alternators
and other equipments.
Use of Synchronous Condenser in Power Factor Improvement

 Applications of Three Phase Synchronous Motor


Comparison of Synchronous and Induction Motor
Synchronous Induction Motor

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