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International Organisations

The document discusses the history and purposes of international organizations. It explains that international organizations first emerged in the 19th century to foster cooperation between countries on economic, social and technical issues. It then gives examples of early international organizations and outlines the development of international organizations over time, including key events and conferences that helped establish international cooperation and norms.

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Pawan Kumar
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16 views

International Organisations

The document discusses the history and purposes of international organizations. It explains that international organizations first emerged in the 19th century to foster cooperation between countries on economic, social and technical issues. It then gives examples of early international organizations and outlines the development of international organizations over time, including key events and conferences that helped establish international cooperation and norms.

Uploaded by

Pawan Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNATIONAL

ORGANISATIONS
DR SAMREEN HUSSAIN
WHAT ARE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

◦ An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence.


◦ An international organization is “a body that promotes voluntary cooperation and coordination between
or among its members
◦ There are two main types: International non-governmental organizations (NGOs) An international non-
governmental organization (INGO) has the same mission as a non-governmental organization (NGO),
but it is international in scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many
countries.
◦ Some INGOs are operational(primary purpose is to foster the community- based organizations within
each country via different projects and operations)& some are advocacy-based( primary purpose is to
influence the policy-making of different countries’ governments regarding certain issues or promote the
awareness of a certain issue).
◦ 1) International Non- Governmental Organizations
◦ 1. Non-governmental organizations (NGO) whose operate independently.
◦ 2. Internationally non-profit organizations
◦ 3. Not affiliated with governments
◦ 4 Nevertheless play an important role in international politics Examples: Indian Red Cross Amnesty
international Save the Children
1.Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) An IGO is an organization composed primarily of sovereign
states(member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations. IGOs are established by treaty or
other agreement that acts as a charter(grant of authority/rights) creating the group. Examples include the
United Nations, the World Bank, or the European Union.
2.International Governmental Organizations uq An IGO is an organization composed primarily of
sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations. IGOs form when governments make an
agreement or band together. Examples: European Union (EU) United Nations (UN) World Trade
Organization (WTO)
HISTORY AND PURPOSE OF IO’S
◦ The Process of International Organization had its origins in the nineteenth century, largely in Europe. Since world war
2, there has been a Phenomenal development of international organizations perhaps to curb the ugly effects of war and
hopefully to prevent such incidents as war in the future.

◦ In the words of a jurist, the major purposes that motivated the building of international institutions are as follows:

◦ “(a) The urge to promote coordinated response in an era of growing economic, social,

◦ and technical interdependence

◦ (b) The recognition of the necessity for moderate conflicts on the political and militating

◦ Spheres”9
◦
◦ Innovations associated with the rise of industrialism, and introduction of new transport and
communication stimulated the creation of special purposes agency, designed to facilitate the
Collaboration of governments in dealing with economic, social and technical problems
◦ States established international organizations to cooperate on specific matters. The
international telecommunication Union which was founded in 1865 as the International
Telegraph Union, and the Universal Postal Union which was established in 1874 are some of the
agencies which did survived the test of time and both became United Nations specialised
agencies
◦ These nineteenth century beginnings Provided in large measure the basis for the Phenomenal
development of international organization, since world war 1. Basic patterns of institutional
structure and procedure was evolved and the trend towards broadening the conception of
international organization to include entities beyond the confines of the European Union States
was initiated.
CHRONOLOGY
◦ Throughout history nations have tried to establish norms and rules of interactingZ with their neighbours
◦ Current state system according to international scholars and political scientist owes its origin to treaty of
Westphalia
which brought end to 30years of war and bought peace in Europe- established the concept of state
sovereignty and its rights and obligations
Brought end to religious authority in Europe and emergence of secular state.
Concept of sovereignty is severely debated
Defeat of napoleon in 1815- and settlement thereafter
◦ Congress of Vienna-1815-he Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers
which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which
would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace
between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French
Revolution, and maintain the status quo.
◦ The first and oldest intergovernmental organization is the Central Commission for Navigation on the
Rhine, created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna.
◦ was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von
Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to
provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French
Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars
◦ The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance
each other off and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or
revolution. France lost all its recent conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial
gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west and 40% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria
gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the
Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830
became Belgium.
Problems of The Congress of Vienna
◦  Disagreement between Russia and Prussia on the one hand and Britain and Austria on the other about
boundary provisions in Eastern Europe led to a threat of renewed hostilities.
◦ The new French government, under the restored Bourbon dynasty in the person of King Louis XVIII,
was enlisted as an ally by the British.
◦ France was invited to send a representative to the Congress of Vienna and was, thereafter, involved as the
fifth great power of the Grand Alliance. Agreement was reached avoiding war
The hague system

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