Copy the following on Portfolio p72

** Cornell Notes ‘Terms & Names’: answer with short, bullet type answers...

Class Notes 11.1a

1. The Industrial Revolution Skip 3 Lines
2. The factory system after each
3. The War of 1812 term
4. The first U.S. factories were
built in New England because
5. Samuel Slater
6. Workers in the Lowell mills were
7. Eli Whitney
Copy the following on Portfolio p73
** Cornell Notes ‘Terms & Names’: answer with short, bullet type answers...

Class Notes 11.1b

8. Robert Fulton
9. Henry Shreve Miller Skip
10. Samuel F.B. Morse 3 Lines
after each
11. John Deere’s steel plow
term
12. Cyrus McCormick
13. Different U.S. regions were linked
economically by
Lesson 11.1a –Industrialization
Begins in New England

Today
Today wewe will
will explain
explain how
how
industrialization
industrialization began
began in
in
the
the New
New England
England states.
states.
 Vocabulary

• revolution – a sudden and dramatic

change
• factory system – manufacturing
process using many workers and
machines in one building
What We Already Know

Farming in New
England was
difficult, so New
Englanders turned
to other ways to
make their living,
such as
commerce and
shipbuilding.
 What We Already Know

Before the Revolutionary War, little

manufacturing was permitted in the
colonies by the British government.
 What We Already Know

Because
Because the
the British
British blockade
blockade kept
kept imported
imported goods
goods
from
from reaching
reaching U.S.
U.S. shores
shores during
during the
the War
War of
of 1812,
1812,
Americans
Americans started
started manufacturing
manufacturing their
their own
own goods.
goods.
 The Industrial Revolution began in
Britain during the late 1700s.

The
The Industrial
Industrial Revolution
Revolution was
was aa time
time when
when
factory
factory machines
machines replaced
replaced hand
hand tools
tools and
and
large-scale
large-scale manufacturing
manufacturing replaced
replaced farming
farming
as
as the
the main
main form
form of
of work.
work.
 Check for Understanding
A
A ask
ask B
B:: What
What was
was the
the Industrial
Industrial
Revolution?
Revolution?
The
The Industrial
Industrial Revolution
Revolution was
was aa time
time when
when
factory
factory machines
machines replaced
replaced hand
hand tools
tools and
and large-
large-
scale
scale manufacturing
manufacturing replaced
replaced farming
farming as
as the
the
main
main form
form of
of work.
work.

Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
 Before the
Industrial
Revolution,
women spun
thread and wove
cloth at home in
cottage industries.
 The
The Spinning
Spinning Jenny
Jenny and
and the
the Power
Power Loom
Loom
allowed
allowed unskilled
unskilled workers
workers ,, who
who were
were often
often
children,
children, to
to produce
produce more
more cloth,
cloth, more
more quickly.
quickly.
Power
Power looms
looms spin
spin raw
raw cotton
cotton into
into
yarn
yarn and
and weave
weave itit into
into cloth.
cloth.
 The factory
system brought
many workers
and machines
together under
one roof.

Most factories were

built near a source of
water to power the
machines.
 Check
Check for
for Understanding
Understanding
B
B ask
ask A
A –– What
What was
was the
the
factory
factory system?
system?

The
The factory
factory system
system brought
brought many
many workers
workers
and
and machines
machines together
together under
under one
one roof.
roof.

Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
Occupations
Occupations changed
changed during
during the
the
Industrial
Industrial Revolution.
Revolution.

Large-scale manufacturing replaced

farming as the main form of work.
People left their farms
and crowded
into cities where
the factories were.
They
They worked
worked for
for wages…
wages…
…on
…on aa set
set schedule.
schedule.

Their lives
changed, and
not always for
the better.
Investors
Investors began
began to
to invest
invest in
in
new
new American
American industries
industries
instead
instead of
of spending
spending money
money
on
on shipping
shipping and
and trade.
trade.
 Americans
Americans took
took advantage
advantage of
of the
the
free
free enterprise
enterprise system
system to
to start
start
manufacturing
manufacturing their
their own
own goods.
goods.

The
The free
free enterprise
enterprise system
system allows
allows individuals
individuals to
to
start
start businesses
businesses and
and compete
compete for
for profits,
profits, enabling
enabling
American
American businessmen
businessmen toto build
build their
their own
own factories
factories
and
and grow
grow wealthier.
wealthier.
 Factories
Factories Come
Come to
to New
New England
England

• New
New England
England waswas aa good
good
place
place to
to set
set up
up factories
factories
for
for several
several reasons.
reasons.
• New
New England
England hadhad many
many
fast-moving
fast-moving rivers
rivers to
to
supply
supply power.
power.
New
New England
England had
had ships
ships and
and access
access to
to
the
the ocean
ocean for
for transporting
transporting goods.
goods.
New
New England
England hadhad aa willing
willing labor
labor force
force in
in
the
the families
families whowho were
were tired
tired of
of scraping
scraping
aa living
living from
from their
their stony
stony fields.
fields.
 Samuel
Samuel Slater
Slater brought
brought the
the textile
textile
industry
industry to
to the
the United
United States.
States.

• Samuel
Samuel Slater
Slater smuggled
smuggled
plans
plans for
for aa textile
textile mill
mill
into
into the
the country
country from
from
England.
England.
• He
He built
built his
his first
first
spinning
spinning mill
mill in
in Rhode
Rhode
Island
Island in
in 1790
1790 and
and aa
larger
larger mill
mill later.
later.
• He employed whole
families, paying
them a low wage.
• His family system
spread through
Rhode Island,
Connecticut, and
southern
Massachusetts.
 Check for Understanding

A
A ask
ask B
B: Where
Where were
were the
the first
first
American
American factories
factories built?
built?

The
The first
first American
American
factories
factories were
were built
built in
in
New
New England
England..

Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
 Check for Understanding

Who was Samuel

Slater?

Samuel
Samuel Slater
Slater built
built
the
the first
first spinning
spinning mill
mill
in
in Rhode
Rhode Island.
Island.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
4. Why were the first U.S. factories
located in New England?
A. New England had good shipping and
transportation.
B. New England had many slaves to work.
C. New England had a tradition of
manufacturing.
D. New England had streams for water power.
E. New England had many wealthy farmers
willing to invest.
F. New England had a willing labor force.

Choose all that are true!

 The Lowell
Lowell Mills
Mills Hire Women

•• In
In 1813
1813,, Francis
Francis Cabot
Cabot Lowell
Lowell built
built aa factory
factory in
in
Waltham,
Waltham, Massachusetts.
Massachusetts.
•• This
This factory
factory spun
spun cotton
cotton into
into yarn
yarn and
and wove
wove itit
into
into cloth
cloth on
on power
power looms.
looms.
•• Lowell
Lowell had
had seen
seen power
power looms
looms inin English
English mills
mills
and
and copied
copied their
their design
design for
for his
his Waltham
Waltham factory.
factory.
 The factory was so successful that
Lowell built a new factory town in
Massachusetts and named it for himself.
 Check for Understanding

A
A ask
ask B
B:: What
What product
product did
did the
the
Lowell
Lowell mills
mills manufacture?
manufacture?

The Lowell mills manufactured textiles.

Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
 The
The Lowell
Lowell Mills
Mills Hire
Hire Women
Women

• Instead of families, the

Lowell textile mills
employed farm girls who
lived in company-owned
boardinghouses.
• The “Lowell girls”
worked 12-hour days in
deafening noise.
The Lowell Mills Hire Women

• At first, wages were

high – between two
and four dollars a
week.
• The girls received a
basic education and
were strictly
supervised until they
married and left the
mill.
 The
The Lowell
Lowell Mills
Mills Hire
Hire Women
Women

• By
By the
the 1830s
1830s,, falling
falling profits
profits meant
meant that
that
wages
wages dropped
dropped andand working
working conditions
conditions
worsened.
worsened.
 Factories began to be powered by more
powerful steam engines.
Steam engines began using coal and wood,
meaning factories could be built away from
rivers and beyond New England.
 Check for Understanding

A ask B: What replaced water as the

power source in later factories?
Steam
Steam replaced
replaced water
water as
as the
the power
power
source
source in
in later
later factories.
factories.

Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
5. Who worked in the Lowell mills?

A. New England farm girls

B. Lowell’s friends and relatives
C. Skilled craftsmen
D. The mill owners themselves
 A New Way to Manufacture

•• In
In 1798,
1798, the
the U.S.
U.S.
government
government hiredhired
the
the inventor
inventor EliEli
Whitney
Whitney to to make
make
10,000
10,000 muskets
muskets for for
the
the army.
army.
•• At
At that
that time,
time, guns
guns
were
were made
made oneone atat aa
time
time by
by gunsmiths,
gunsmiths,
from
from start
start to
to finish.
finish.
A New Way to Manufacture

• Whitney introduced the

use of interchangeable
parts – parts that were
exactly alike – to make
production faster and to
make repairs easy.
• Interchangeable parts
also allowed the use of
lower-paid and less-
skilled workers.
 Check for Understanding
Interchangeable parts changed
manufacturing by speeding up production,
making repairs easier, and allowing the use
of lower-paid, less-skilled workers.

How did
interchangeable
parts change
manufacturing?
Be
Be sure
sure to
to re-state
re-state the
the question
question in
in your
your response!
response!
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
 6. How did Eli Whitney change
manufacturing?

A. He smuggled plans for a mechanized

factory out of England.
B. He developed an industrial assembly
process using interchangeable parts.
C. He convinced poor Irish workers to
immigrate to the United States.
D. He persuaded New England farmers
to allow their daughters to work in his
mills.
Lesson 11.1b – Early
Inventions

Today we will identify inventions that improved

transportation, communication, and farm
production.
 Moving People, Goods, and
Messages
• New
New inventions
inventions improved
improved transportation
transportation
and
and communication.
communication.
• Steamboats
Steamboats carried
carried people
people and
and goods
goods
farther
farther and
and faster
faster and
and led
led to
to the
the growth
growth of
of
cities
cities like
like New
New Orleans
Orleans and
and St.
St. Louis.
Louis.
 Moving People, Goods, and
Messages
• Robert Fulton invented a
steamboat that could move
against the current or strong
wind.
• In 1807, he launched the
Clermont on the Hudson River.

But steamships
were still unable
to sail upstream.
Henry Miller Shreve
improved on Fulton’s idea.

• He
He designed
designed aa more
more
powerful
powerful engine
engine and
and
installed
installed itit on
on aa
double-decker
double-decker boat boat
with
with aa paddle
paddle wheel
wheel
in
in the
the back.
back.
• The
The stern-wheeler
stern-wheeler
launched
launched aa new new era
era
of
of trade
trade and
and trans-
trans-
portation
portation on on the
the
Mississippi
Mississippi River.
River.
Moving People, Goods, and
Messages
•• In
In 1837,
1837, Samuel
Samuel
F.
F. B.
B. Morse
Morse
demonstrated
demonstrated the the
telegraph.
telegraph.
•• This
This invention
invention
allowed
allowed
messages
messages to to
travel
travel between
between
cities
cities in
in seconds.
seconds.
•• By
By 1861,
1861,
telegraph
telegraph lines
lines
spanned
spanned thethe
country.
country.
 Moving People, Goods, and
Messages
• Telegraph
Telegraph lines
lines and
and steamships
steamships helped
helped
bring
bring people
people from
from different
different parts
parts of
of the
the
country
country closer
closer together.
together.
• These
These inventions
inventions increased
increased national
national unity.
unity.
 Check for Understanding
Robert
Robert Fulton
Fulton invented
invented aa
steamboat
steamboat that
that could
could move
move
Who
using
was
using aa steam
Robert
steam engine
engine to
to turn
turn
two Fulton?
two side
side paddle
paddle wheels.
wheels.
 Check for Understanding
• Who
Who introduced
introduced steamboats
steamboats to
to the
the
Mississippi
Mississippi River?
River?
• Henry
Henry Miller
Miller Shreve
Shreve introduced
introduced
steamboats
steamboats to to the
the Mississippi
Mississippi River.
River.
 Check for Understanding
•• Who
Who invented
invented the
the first
first telegraph?
telegraph?
•• Samuel
Samuel F.B.
F.B. Morse
Morse invented
invented the
the
first
first telegraph.
telegraph.
•• How
How diddid the
the telegraph
telegraph change
change
communication
communication in in the
the United
United
States?
States?
•• The
The telegraph
telegraph made
made itit possible
possible to
to
communicate
communicate with with someone
someone inin
another
another city
city in
in seconds.
seconds.
 Check for
Understanding

How did advances in

communication and
transportation change
America?

Advances in
communication brought
people closer as a nation,
bringing more national
unity.
7. How did Robert Fulton and Samuel
F.B. Morse improve national unity?
A. Morse invented a steamboat that could
move against the current.
B. Fulton invented a telegraph that could carry
messages using pulses of electricity.
C. Morse’s invention made it easier to
communicate across great distances.
D. Their inventions made it easier for
Northerners and Southerners to do
business.
E. Fulton’s invention led to the growth of
cities like New Orleans and St. Louis.
Choose all that are true!
 Technology Improves Farming
• Several
Several inventions
inventions increased
increased
farm
farm production
production in
in the
the United
United
States.
States.
• In
In 1836
1836,, John
John Deere
Deere invented
invented aa
light-weight
light-weight plow
plow with
with aa steel
steel
cutting
cutting edge.
edge.
 Technology Improves Farming
• Before Deere introduced his steel plow, most
farmers used iron or wooden plows.
• The heavy Midwestern
soil stuck to these
plows and had to be
cleaned very frequently.
• The smooth sided steel
plow solved this
problem.
• As a result, more
farmers began moving
to the Midwest.
Technology Improves Farming
In
In 1834
1834,, Cyrus
Cyrus McCormick
McCormick invented
invented
aa reaper
reaper to
to cut
cut ripe
ripe grain.
grain.
Technology Improves Farming

The
The threshing
threshing machine
machine separated
separated
kernels
kernels of
of wheat
wheat from
from husks.
husks.
 New inventions help to create
national unity.
• The new farming equip–
ment helped Midwestern
farmers feed Northeastern
factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers
became a market for the
goods manufactured in
the Northeast.
• Northeastern textile mills
increased the need for
Southern cotton.
 Check for Understanding

• Who was John Deere?

• John Deere
invented a
lightweight plow
with a steel
cutting edge.
How did the steel plow improve
agriculture?
The steel plow improved agriculture by
making it easier for farmers to prepare
ground in the heavy Midwestern soil.
Deere’s new plow made it possible for
more farmers to move west.
What two other inventions
improved agriculture?

Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical

reaper cut ripe grain.
The threshing machine separated kernels of
wheat from husks.
 How were different U.S. regions
linked economically?
• New farming equipment
helped Midwestern
farmers feed Northeastern
factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers
became a market for the
goods manufactured in
the Northeast.
• Northeastern textile mills
increased the need for
Southern cotton.
8. How did John Deere and Cyrus McCormick
strengthen the economic connection between
the Midwest and New England?
A. Their inventions made it easier for Midwestern
farmers to feed Northeastern factory workers.
B. He invented a steamboat that could move
against the current.
C. Their inventions strengthened the economic
connection between Northeastern factory
workers and Southern plantation owners.
D. Their inventions strengthened the economic
connection between American farmers and
South American manufacturers.