Introduction to Garment Manufacturing

(TE- 2114)

DR. SHAGUFTA RIAZ

Introduction to Garment Manufacturing
(TE- 2114)

Aparel Industry Structure

Supply Chain
&
Clothing Types
DR. SHAGUFTA RIAZ
CONTENTS
 Structure of Apparel Industry
 Supply Chain of Apparel Industry
 Clothing Articles
 Body Measurement
PEO No. PEO Description
PEO-1 Apply fundamental principles of science and engineering that
underlie textile engineering for solution of relevant
engineering problems for textile industry.

PEO-2 Achieve professional success by practicing ethical behavior,

sustainability and diversity with effective communication in
individual and team.

PEO-3 Adopt innovative approaches and pursue career growth

undertaking professional trainings and/or studies in
engineering sciences and management.
CLO
No. CLO Title
CLO-1 Understand the structure and process flow of apparel industry.

CLO-2 Illustrate the basic machines, work aids, trims and accessories
used in garment industry.

CLO-3 Determine the working of different garment manufacturing

machines and perform exercises related to dexterity and
stitching.
STRUCTURE OF APPAREL INDUSTRY
 STRUCTURE OF APPAREL INDUSTRY

Textile Value Chain

1- Spinning
2- Weaving/Knitting
3- Dyeing/Printing
4- Garments Manufacturing
 PROFILE OF GARMENT INDUSTRY IN
PAKISTAN
 An integrated textile industry
 Both on large and small scale
Spinning
• 521 spinning units
• 50 composites and 471 spinning units
• Operational capacity of 12 million and 10 million spindles
respectively
Weaving
• Integrated and independent weaving units
• Power loom units
 PROFILE OF GARMENT INDUSTRY IN
PAKISTAN
Textile Made-ups
• Value added segment
• Hosiery and knitwear
• Ready made garments
• Towels
• Bed wear
• Tents and Canvas
PROFILE OF GARMENT INDUSTRY IN
PAKISTAN
SWOT Analysis
STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY
 STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY
Apparel is a particular type of clothes. For example,
children’s/women’s apparel riding/sports apparel
Garment can be called an article or a piece of clothing, as a coat, a
gown, etc.
•The garment is one of the items of a full dress.
•This word is used, especially when talking about the production and
sale of clothes.
Clothes or Clothing is a collective term for items worn on the body.
• Clothing can be made of textiles, animal skin, or other thin sheets
of materials put together.
• The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and
is a feature of all human societies.
• Clothing refers collectively to the garments of a wearer separately
pants, shirt, sweater or coat, etc.
 STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY
Textile Manufacturers:
• Yarn manufacturing (spinning)
• Fabric manufacturing (weaving)
• Dyeing of Fabric (Textile Chemistry)
Trimming Manufacturers:
• Zippers, threads, trims and buttons
Apparel Manufacturers:
• Marketing, Merchandising and Production
Retailers/Wholesalers:
• Department stores
Shops/Franchises/Outlets:
• Local or international outlets and franchises
Consumers
STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY

Apparel Manufacturers:
Types of Apparel Manufacturing:
• Own Manufacturing
• Outsourcing
Outsourcing:
• CMT (Cut-make-trim)
• FPP (Full-package-production/program)
• Specialty Contractors (Pattern, grading, cutting,
embroidery, printing.
STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY
Retail/Wholesale:
• Catalog retailers
• Department store retailers
• Internet retailers
• Mass retailers
• Specialty retailers
• Warehouse/wholesale
• Retailer outlets
Shops/Franchises/Outlets:
• Local franchises as well regional outlets
Consumers:
• Ultimate users
STRUCTURE OF GARMENT
INDUSTRY GLOBALLY
Same structure except:
• Advanced communication
• Transportation technology
• Manufacturing and distribution in multiple locations
• Brand ownership
• International trade
• Trade regulations (WTO & GATT)
STRUCTURE OF AN APPAREL FIRM
STRUCTURE OF AN APPAREL FIRM
 GARMENT FLOW PROCESS

Design/ Sorting/
sketch Cutting
bundling

Pattern
design Spreading Sewing Dispatching

Sample Maker
making Inspection Packing
making

Production
Pressing/ Final
Pattern Grading
Finishing inspection
making
CLOTHING CLASSIFICATION
Clothing classification
• Children
• Women and girls
• Men and boys
CHILDREN CLOTHING CLASSIFICATION
1- Baby Wear:
• Clothing for babies under the age of 1 year
• Loose and easy to remove as per the baby’s delicate body
•Fabric should be natural fiber
• Strong water absorption
• Good air permeability
2- Infant’s Clothing:
• Children aged 2-5 years
• Loose and lively style of clothes
• Fabric should be natural fiber
• Durable and easy to wash
CHILDREN CLOTHING CLASSIFICATION
3- Children’s Clothing:
• Children aged 6-11 years
• Loose style of clothes
• Fabric could be either natural or chemical fiber
4- Junior Apparels:
• Aged 12-17 years
• Between children’s clothing & teenage clothes
• Fabric with chemical fibers
CHILDREN CLOTHING CLASSIFICATION

Size Range in Children Wear

 Babies size range for 0-24 months
1) 0-12 months, also called new born sizes
2) 12-24 months, also called infants sizes
 There is also a “preemie” size range for babies born
prematurely
 After babies, the next size ranges are:
1) 2-4, also called toddlers
2) 4-6 for girls and 4-7 for boys
3) 7-14 or 7-16
 CHILDREN CLOTHING CHILDEN

Types of Baby Wear

Onsies
One pieces

Baby gowns

Baby outfits/ clothing sets Sleep n’ plays, sleepers & footsies

CLASSIFICATION OF WOMEN/GIRLS
CLOTHING
Size & Measurement
 Size Range
• Extra Small, Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large,
Double Extra Large
• Demonstrated by:
ES, S, M, L, XL, XXL
CLASSIFICATION OF WOMEN/GIRLS
CLOTHING

Casual Dress

Work Wear

Night Dress

Party Wear
CLASSIFICATION OF WOMEN/GIRLS
CLOTHING

Bridal Wear

Beach Wear

Sports Wear
CLASSIFICATION OF WOMEN/GIRLS
CLOTHING

Rain Wear

Intimate Wear

Maternity Wear
CLASSIFICATION OF MEN/BOYS
CLOTHING
Size & Measurement

Size Range:

Extra Small, Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large, Double

Extra Large

Demonstrated by

ES, S, M, L, XL, XXL

CLASSIFICATION OF MEN/BOYS
CLOTHING

Casual wear

Work wear

Party Dress
CLASSIFICATION OF MEN/BOYS
CLOTHING

Night Dress

Sports wear
Beach wear
 CLOTHING FUNCTIONS
Basic Functions of Clothing
1) Protection
• Protect us from extreme weather and conditions
• Safety for workers and doctors in hospitals
• Safety for workers who are in firefighting, construction, police
force, air force etc.
2) Identification
• Gender identification
• Identification and separation from others
• Army, navy, air-force
• Police, rangers
• School and college teams
• Community organizations
 CLOTHING FUNCTIONS
3) Modesty
• A belief about the proper way of covering the body with clothes
• Varies with different times in history
• Past, present and future differentiation
4) Status
• Status or rank within a community
• Special enhancements on clothes to show different ranks
• Special enhancements could be caps, medals, scarves and badges etc.
5) Non-verbal communication
• Tells us about age, gender, marital status, place of origin, religion, social
status, occupation etc
• Social, cultural and religious function
CLOTHING VALUES
 It includes the following:
• Comfort
• Durability
• Style
• Ease of maintenance
• Status
• Cost
• Sex appeal
• Sign of independence
• Social approval
• Self confidence
• Self concept
• attractive
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Collars
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Sleeves
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Cuffs
 CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Pockets
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Pants
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Skirts
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Dresses
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Coats
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
Types of Jackets
CLOTHING ARTICLES
CLOTHING ARTICLES
 TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS

1- Horizontal Measurements
It includes neck circumference, shoulder width, bust-line
measurements, waist circumference, upper hip and lower hip
circumference
2- Vertical Measurements
It includes back length(neck-waist), side seam lengths, inseam
lengths, waist-crotch point length
3- Sleeve Measurements
It includes under arm and over arm lengths, fore arm lengths,
wrist circumference and bicep circumference
HOW TO MEASURE BODY?
HOW TO MEASURE BODY?
 Thank you
for
your attention!