SCIENCE 10

Earth and Space

LESSON 1:

The Internal Structure of the

Earth
 Crack the Code
Use the given EMOJIS as clues to decode the hidden word.

A B C DEFGH I J K LMN OP Q RS T U VY

L A Y ERS OF T HE E ART H
 ACTIVITY No. 1
THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF THE EARTH
QUARTER 1 –
WEEK 1
Learning Competency:
 Describe the internal structure of the Earth. (S10ES-
Ia-j-36.4)

Objective:
 Identify the different layers of the Earth.
OCEAN

MIDDLE MANTLE
 Layers of the Earth. Color and label the Layers of the Earth according to the
given instructions below.

Instructions:
 Color and label the Ocean BLUE
 Color and label the Oceanic Crust LIGHT BROWN
 Color and label the top of the crust GREEN
 Color and label the Continental crust DARK BROWN
 Color and label the uppermost rigid mantle YELLOW (*Note: The crust and the uppermost
rigid mantle collectively are called the lithosphere)
 Color and label the Asthenosphere YELLOW ORANGE
 Color and label the middle mantle LIGHT ORANGE
 Color and label the Mesosphere (lower mantle) DARK ORANGE
 Color and label the outer core REDDISH-ORANGE
 Color and label the inner core DARK RED
 Draw and arrow from the crust towards the core. Then label it with - Pressure, Density, and
Temperature Increase
 Lithosphere
Oceanic Crust
1 9
Uppermost Rigid
Mantle 2
Continental Crust
3
5
Asthenosphere Middle Mantle

4
6
Outer Core Lower Mantle

7
8
Inner Core
Compositional
vs.
Mechanical
Layers
 Layers of the Earth
Compositional Mechanical
Based on chemical Based on rigidity and
composition movement

Crust Lithosphere

Mantle Asthenosphere

Core Mesosphere

Outer Core

Inner Core
LEARNING
CHECK!
 Layers of the Earth

Compositional
1 Mechanical
2
Based on chemical Based on rigidity and
composition movement

Crust
3 6
Lithosphere

Mantle
4 7
Asthenosphere

Core
5 Mesosphere
8
Outer9Core

10Core
Inner
Compositional
Layers
Compositional Layers of the Earth

Mantle
1
Core
2
Crust
3
Compositional Layers of the Earth

CRUST (SiAl)
 Outermost layer
 Thinnest layer
 Made up of solid rocks
 About 5 Km to 70 Km thick
 Oxygen is the most abundant
element
 Two Types
-Continental Crust
-Oceanic Crust
 Types of Crust

A B
Oceanic Crust Continental Crust
Thicker but less dense
Thinner but denser (heavier) (lighter)
Found under landmasses (forms the
Found under oceans (forms
continents)
seafloor)
 Rocks that form the Crust

The continental crust is mostly made The oceanic crust is denser because it is
up of less dense/light rocks called mainly made up of denser/heavier rocks
GRANITE called BASALT
Compositional Layers of the Earth

MANTLE (SiMa)
 Middle layer
 Thickest layer
 Made up of solid hot plastic-
like rocks
 Makes up 85% of the Earth’s
volume & 70% of its mass.
 Elements: O, Si, & Mg
 About 2,900 Km thick
Compositional Layers of the Earth
CORE (NiFe)
 Innermost layer
 Made up of Fe and Ni
 4,400 to 5,000 Degrees Celsius
 About 2,300 Km thick
 Subdivided into two:
-Outer Core
-liquid Fe & Ni
-source of Earth’s magnetism
-Inner Core
-Solid Fe & Ni
-Highest pressure
Temperature, Density and Pressure increase as depth increases
LEARNING
CHECK!
Compositional Layers of the Earth

Mantle
1
Core
2
Crust
3
 Crust, Mantle or Core
CORE 1. Innermost layer of the Earth
CRUST 2. Outermost layer of the Earth
MANTLE 3. Middle layer of the Earth
CRUST 4. Thinnest layer of the Earth
MANTLE 5. Thickest layer of the Earth
CORE 6. Layer with the highest pressure, temper
and pressure
CRUST 7. 5 Km to 70 Km thick
CORE 8. 2,300 Km thick
 Crust, Mantle or Core

CRUST 9. Contains Silica and Aluminum (SiAl) layer

MANTLE 10. 2,900 Km thick
MANTLE 11. Contains Silica and Magnesium (SiMa) layer
12. Contains Iron and Nickel (NiFe) layer
CORE 13. 4,400 to 5,500 Degrees Celsius
CORE 14. Type of crust that is thicker but less denser
CONTINENTAL 15. Type of crust that is thinner but denser

OCEANIC
Mechanical
Layers
1. Made up of solid
iron and nickel. E
A) LITHOSPHERE
2. Composed of the
crust & uppermost
rigid part of the A B) ASTHENOSPHERE
mantle.
C) MESOSPHERE
3. A very hot layer of
the mantle that
flows more slowly C
than the
asthenosphere. D) OUTER CORE

4. A soft, more fluid &

plastic-like layer
that flows slowly. B E) INNER CORE
Causes the tectonic
plates to move.
5. Made up of liquid
iron and nickel. D MECHANICAL LAYERS OF THE EARTH
CONVECTION CURRENT

Plates move slowly and continuously when the

hot less dense material rises. The rising hot material
cools down in a certain area. Hence, it becomes
denser than the cool, dense material sinks that creates
convection cell, with hot rising currents and cool
sinking currents are regularly repeated and become
a cycle.

The movement of 7 the lithospheric plate is attributed

to mantle convection and considered as one of the
driving mechanisms for plate motion.
CONVECTION CURRENT
LEARNING
CHECK!
1. Made up of solid
iron and nickel. E
A) LITHOSPHERE
2. Composed of the
crust & uppermost
rigid part of the A B) ASTHENOSPHERE
mantle.
C) MESOSPHERE
3. A very hot layer of
the mantle that
flows more slowly C
than the
asthenosphere. D) OUTER CORE

4. A soft, more fluid &

plastic-like layer
that flows slowly. B E) INNER CORE
Causes the tectonic
plates to move.
5. Made up of liquid
iron and nickel. D MECHANICAL LAYERS OF THE EARTH