THE SAMPLE AND

SAMPLING PROCEDURE
 SUBJECTS
-the people in the researcher’s experiment –
usually quantitative research
 RESPONDENTS
- answer (respond/reply) to questionnaires-
usually quantitative research
 PARTICIPANTS
- participate and answer questions in
qualitative studies.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

 SAMPLING – defined as measuring a small portion of something and

then making a general statement about the whole thing.
 POPULATION – refers to the total number of people, objects or
things under study.
A. FINITE POPULATION
- when the universe from which the number of a
population are to be taken can be determined or counted immediately.
B. INFINITE POPULATION
-when the universe from which the numbers of a
population are to be taken cannot be determined or counted
immediately.
 TYPES OF SAMPLING
NONPROBABILITY
PROBABILITY SAMPLING SAMPLING
 Means that the sample is  Takes place when the
taken as a proportion sample is not a
from the population, proportion of the
every individual in the population.
population has an equal
chance to be included in
the sample.
 TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
PURE RANDOM Is one in which everyone in Suppose there are 200 persons
SAMPLING the population of the inquiry in the population and 20
has an equal chance of being percent is the population to
selected to be included in be chosen. Hence, 20 percent
the sample. of 200 is 40. The names of all
the 200 persons are written
each on a piece of paper. The
pieces of paper will then be
drawn by chance. Those whose
names are drawn are included
in the sample
 TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
SYSTEMATIC A technique of sampling in If a listed population is 1000,
SAMPLING which every nth name in a and the sample size is 100, the
list may be selected to be research will select every 10th
included in a sample. (1000 divided by 100) person
from the list where the
Used when the subjects or selection of a number
respondents in the study are between 1 and 10 is at random
arranged in some systematic as the starting point.
or logical order.
 TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
STRATIFIED RANDOM The process of selecting Supposed the students of a college
SAMPLING randomly, samples from the are respondents in a study. The
students are stratified according to
different strata (groups) of the courses they are taking, their
the population used in the gender, and the curricular years they
study. are in. The sample of 20% is taken
from every stratum based on course,
gender and curricular year. For
A stratified sample is instance, there are 50 male students
obtained by taking samples in the first year taking education.
from each stratum or group The sample is 20% of 50 is 10. There
of population. are 380 female students in the
second year taking up marketing. The
sample is 20% of 380 is 76.
 TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
CLUSTER Usually used when the In a survey of nurse-
SAMPLING population is unknown or the applicants in various
researcher can’t complete employment agencies, the
the total list of the members researchers selects several
of the population he wishes agencies at random and
to study but he can only
conducts an interview of
complete the list of groups or
clusters of the population. very 10th nurse applicants in
the agencies.
 TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
ACCIDENTAL A method of selecting An interviewer stands in
SAMPLING the subjects who a street corner and
happen to be available interviews everyone
at that time or who passes by.
volunteered
themselves to be the
subject of the study.
 TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
QUOTA A specified number of Suppose the reactions of
SAMPLING persons of certain types the people towards a
are included in the certain issue is to be
sample. determined. It might be
decided that 10 doctors, 8
Most commonly used in lawyers, 15 businessmen, 20
opinion polling surveys and vendors and 25 farmers
market research. constitute the sample.
 TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
CONVENIENCE The process of picking out In an instance, there is a
SAMPLING people in the most hot and controversial issue
convenient and fastest about the raising of the
way to immediately get price of gasoline, the most
their reactions to a certain convenient and fastest ways
hot and controversial of reaching people is by
issue. social media to get their
opinion.
 TYPES OF NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
TECHNIQUES
PURPOSIVE Also called judgement If research is to be
SAMPLING sampling because sample conducted on the history of
groups are judged to be a place, the old people of
typical of the chosen the place must be
population. consulted. If methods and
techniques of teaching are
In this technique, the the subjects of an inquiry,
respondents are chosen teachers are the ones to be
based on their knowledge contacted.
of the information desired.
REMEMBER:

In writing the sampling technique, you need to specify

how do you select your samples. You need to reason for the
benefits and limitations of your selected sampling design.
You need also to include the strength of the sample design or
its practicality.
You may also consider these questions:
1. Who are the samples of your study?
2. Why choose these samples? How many?
3. How will you select them?