Computer Network

Network Communication and

protocols
Introduction:
• A network is a collection of computers or devices called nodes that
communicate with each other on a share network medium.
• It introduce different types of computer network and network devices.
• It describes the purpose of having communication standards discusses OSI
model that allows computers of different manufactures to communicate
with each other. The last section of this unit explains how IP addressing
schemes identify a computer on Internet.
Network Communication:
• A computer network is an interconnection between two or more
computers and other network device so that they can communicate with
each other to share network resources (both hardware and software). A
network is made up pf collection of computers and other network devices
that allow information exchange to take place. While most networks
connect computers using some form of cable, the connection can also be
wireless.
• For Example:
Radio and microwave communication.
Simple Communication Network
• A simple communication network having wired and
wireless connection.
• Diagram:
Need Of Network
Communication:
• People use computer networks almost daily to conduct
personal and professional business.
• This trend is accelerating as more people discover the
power of computers and communication networks both for
businesses and for homes the day to day-to-day
transaction and departmental stores, banks reservation
counters and other businesses are all dependent upon
computer networks.
 Basic Network Communication
Components:
• Data Communication:
• Data communication is the process of transferring information
from one point to another in a network environment.

• Basic Component of Network Communication:

• Network communication consists of five basic components.
Diagram:
Five Basic Component:
Sender
Message
Medium
Receiver
Protocol
Sender

• Sender, also called transmitter is a computer/device that

sends the message(data or information) from sources to
destination in a communication network. It may be
computer, workstation, cell phone or camera.
• The sender device converts the electrical signal into a
from that is suitable for transmission over the
communication network.
Message:

• Message is the data or information that is to be

transmitted. Message can be in the form of text, audio,
video, or any combination of these
Medium:

• Medium is the path through which message travel from

sources to destination.
• Medium can be wired, For Example: Telephone cable,
coaxial, and fiber optics.
• It can also be wireless, For Example: Bluetooth, Wi-fi,
Microwave, Radio wave and satellite.
Receiver:

• Receiver is the device which receives transmitted

message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone
handset or television set.
• The data received from the transmission medium may not
be in proper form to be accepted to the receiver and it
must be converted to appropriate form before it is
received.
 Protocol:

• A protocol is a set of rules that governs data

communication.
• It represents and agreement between the communicating
devices.
• Without a protocol, to devices can be connected but may
not communicate with each other.
 Transmission Modes in Computer
Networks
• Transmission mode, also known as a communication
mode, is the transfer of data between two devices via a
communication channel that includes an optical fiber,
wireless channels, copper wires, and other storage
media .
 Types of
Transmission/Communication Mode
• The term transmission mode refers to the transmission of
information between two communication devices via an
interaction channel that indicates the direction of
information flow between the devices. There are three
primary types of transmission modes based on the
direction of the exchange of information. The first is
simplex, followed by half duplex, and finally full duplex.
 Types of
Transmission/Communication Mode
 Simplex mode

• The Simplex transmission mode is used in computing

networks when there is a single or one-way flow of
information from sender to receiver. In this mode of
transmission, communication occurs only in one direction,
i.e., the circuit is configured so that it is either transmit
only or receive only. Simplex mode is just like a one-way
road in which the traffic travels only in one direction,
which means no vehicle from the opposite direction is
allowed to drive through.
• Simplex transmission mode is not very popular as mainly
communications require two-way data exchange . The
 Simplex mode
Examples
• A basic example of simplex transmission mode is
communication between a computer and a
keyboard. The keyboard can only accept data
from the user, and the monitor can only display
data on the screen.
• The radio station is a simplex channel since it
transmits the signal but never permits listeners to
transmit it back.
Simplex mode
 Half duplex mode
• The half duplex mode of transmission is used in
computer networks when there is a way to flow
information from sender to receiver but only one
at a time. In this mode, the connected devices can
transmit or receive the data but not
simultaneously. In half duplex mode, the direction
of communication can be reversed as the radio
stations can receive as well as transmit the data.
The half-duplex mode is used when
communication in both directions is not required
 Half duplex mode
Examples
• A communication using a Walkie-talkie is an
example of a half duplex mode. When using a
walkie-talkie, one party speaks while the other
listens. After a slight pause, the other party
speaks while the first party listens. Speaking at
the same time produces a distorted sound that
cannot be understood.
Half duplex mode
 Full Duplex mode
• The Full Duplex mode of transmission is used in
computing networks when there is simultaneous
information flow in both directions, from sender to
receiver. In this mode of transmission, the channel
capacity is shared between the two devices, and
communication occurs in both directions across a
communication link that requires two wires. The Full
Duplex mode features two simplex channels. One
channel has traffic flowing in one direction, while the
other channel has traffic flowing in the other way. The
 Full Duplex mode
Examples
• A telephone network in which two people
communicate over a phone line on which
both can talk and listen at the same time.
• In the messaging app, we can send and
receive messages simultaneously.
Full Duplex mode