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Common Substances and Separation of Mixtures

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views37 pages

Common Substances and Separation of Mixtures

Uploaded by

levyfaithcabiles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Common Substances

and Separation of
Mixtures
SEPTEMBER 11, 2023
At the end of this
meeting, you will
be able to:
• Use properties of matter to
identify substances and
separate them
• Recognize the formulas of
common chemical substances
• Compare consumer products on
the basis of their components
for use, safety, quality and cost
• Describe various simple
separation techniques such as
distillation, chromatography
Riddle Time
No need to go far and wide,
in your meals I subtly hide;
To save them from being bland;
from tasteless to grand. What am I?
No need to go far and wide,
in your meals I subtly hide;
To save them from being bland;
from tasteless to grand. What am I?

s a l t
What would you be without me?
I’m essential even if you can’t see;
I am what you breathe,
making your life complete. What am I?
What would you be without me?
I’m essential even if you can’t see;
I am what you breathe,
making your life complete. What am I?

A I R
I am needed for life and look transparent;
Adult body? I compose it by 60 percent. What am I?
I am needed for life and look transparent;
Adult body? I compose it by 60 percent. What am I?

W A T E R
Looking white;
Powdery. I’m fine alright;
In flour I’m added;
So from small it turns to big instead. What am I?
Looking white;
Powdery. I’m fine alright;
In flour I’m added;
So from small it turns to big instead. What am I?

B A K I N G S O D A
Always present everywhere,
I brighten most food I swear;
From coffee to pastry,
all of them becomes tasty. What am I?
Always present everywhere,
I brighten most food I swear;
From coffee to pastry,
all of them becomes tasty. What am I?

S U G A R
Recap
Identify if the following substances are pure substances or
mixtures

• Stream with gravel at the bottom


• Brass
• Copper metal
• Gasoline
• air
Recap
Identify if the following substances are pure substances or
mixtures

• Gasoline ( mixture- homogeneous)


• Stream with gravel at the bottom (mixture-
heterogeneous)
• Brass (mixture- homogeneous)
• Copper metal (pure substance – element)
• Air (mixture- homogeneous)
Recap

• The boiling point of a certain alcohol is 78 °C.


• Diamond is very hard.
• Sugar ferments to form alcohol.
• A metal wire conducts an electric current.
Activity (in a ½ crosswise)

List at least 5 essential consumer products found in your


home. Copy the table below in a sheet of paper and fill
your table with each product’s use, safety, quality and
cost.
Product Use Safety Quality/ Cost
Description
Detergent soap For laundry For external use powdered affordable
Guide questions

• Which product is the most essential? Least essential?


• What products are safe? Which are harmful?
• What can be done to products which are toxic to consumers?
• When do you say that the product is of good quality?
• What products in your list are affordable?
• How will these products affect our environment? Our health?
• What characteristics should be considered first when buying
a product?
Common Chemical Substances

Some substances uses their common name such as water and ammonia
Separation Techniques
Points to consider in identifying the best
separation technique

the type of mixture

the physical properties of the components

also depends on whether you want to retrieve all of the


components or not
Some Separation Techniques
Decanting
• involves separating a dense,
insoluble substance from a
heterogeneous mixture
• only a useful method if the
solid particles readily settle to
the bottom
• Involves two phases:
• Supernatant liquid
• Sediment
Sieving

• involves separating a
mixture based on
different sizes of
components
• can also be used to
separate solids from
liquids, assuming the
solid pieces are larger
than the holes in the
sieve
Filtration
• a special form of sieving that
separates very fine solid particles
from liquid or gas mixtures
• Filter paper (or a similar
substance with very fine pores) is
used as a sieve
• In a laboratory, filtration is often
carried out by placing filter paper
in a funnel, pouring the mixture
into the funnel and collecting the
filtered liquid in a beaker.
• Filtrate- the liquid that passes
through the filter paper
• Residue – the solid trapped in the
filter paper
Separating Funnel

• an be used to separate a
mixture of two non-miscible
liquids – that is, liquids that
do not mix together to form
a homogeneous solution
Centrifugation
• involves spinning tubes of heterogeneous mixtures at
very high speeds, which forces part of the mixture to
settle at the bottom of the tube
• can be used for separating solid particles from liquids,
or for separating non-miscible liquids
Magnetic Separation
• specialized method specifically used for separating
magnetic materials, such as iron, from non-magnetic
materials, such as soil and plastic.
• It is commonly used in the mining and recycling
industries.
Evaporation

• used for recovering dissolved solids from solutions


Distillation

• similar to evaporation, except that the evaporated


substance, known as the distillate, is collected
• can be used to separate liquids based on their differing
boiling point
• commonly used in producing petrol, alcohol and
perfumes.
• can also be used to remove dissolved impurities from
substances, such as in the purification of water
Chromatography

• used to separate liquid or gas mixtures


• uses very small quantities as its purpose is primarily for
identifying and analyzing substances within a mixture,
rather than separating mixtures to recover large
amounts of their components
• uses the principle of different affinities (attraction) of
substances within a mixture to two separating
substances, known as the stationary phase and the
mobile phase
Choose the best separation technique

• Salt and water (only salt needs to be recovered)


• Salt and water (water needs to be recovered)
• Smoke and air
Think about it

Jane’s mobile phone was stolen in class and a note was left
behind, demanding Php 500 for its return. She suspected five
people in her class, but was not sure who could have done it.
All the suspects denied taking the phone and writing the note,
but agreed to have their pens tested by Jane, to see if their ink
matched that on the note.

Jane performed paper chromatography on the ink from each


person’s pen as well as the ink from the note. The results are
shown below.
• Whose pen has the ink
similar to the pen used
violet
to write the note?
• Who has the pen with
blue
ink that has the most
green
number of pigments?
• Who has the pen with
red
ink containing only one
type of pigment?
• Whose pen has the ink
with pigments that
spread out the most?
• Who could have stolen
the phone?
Next meeting (bring the following
materials)
• 2 pcs 5 x 2 square inch-bondpaper
• 2 pcs Barbecue stick
• 70% ethyl alcohol
• Distilled water
• Clear tape
• Sharpened pencil
• Ruler
• 1 sign pen of any color (MyGel brand is preferred)

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