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Variables

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23 views

Variables

Uploaded by

youchai282
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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change

CHANGING QUANTITY

control manage
manipulate

VARIABLE
VARIABLE
person object
phenomenon
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

NUMERIC EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLES VARIABLES

discrete dependent
continuous independent
• Imagine you are a Grade 12 Technical
Vocational Livelihood (TVL) student, and
you want to know the effects of the
safety level of equipment on the
laboratory performance of the students.
What shall you measure or investigate
to generate answers to this query?
1. You are an Accountancy, Business, and
Management (ABM) student who wants
to study the relationship between using
a B2C marketing strategy and a
company's profitability.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
2. Suppose you are a HUMSS (Humanities and
Social Sciences) student of Tabaco National High
School and want to know the effects of sleep
deprivation on physical coordination. The
researcher randomly selected a group of high
school students and deprived some participants
of either 5, 8, or 10 hours of sleep.
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

NUMERIC EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLES VARIABLES

discrete dependent
continuous independent
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
‘experimental variable’ or ‘predictor’

- manipulated in
experimental research to
discover what effect it has
on a dependent variable
or outcome variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE

- the one affected by a


change in the
independent variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
If you write the variables in a
cause-and-effect phrase, the
independent variable causes the
effect on the dependent variable.
The phrase will be meaningless if
the variables are in the wrong
sequence. The independent
variable has an impact on the
dependent variable.
1. You are an Accountancy, Business, and
Management (ABM) student who wants
to study the relationship between using
a B2C marketing strategy and a
company's profitability.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
2. Suppose you are a HUMSS (Humanities and
Social Sciences) student of Tabaco National High
School and want to know the effects of sleep
deprivation on physical coordination. The
researcher randomly selected a group of high
school students and deprived some participants
of either 5, 8, or 10 hours of sleep.
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
•Situation 1:
The length of
your sleep
affects your
test score.
•Situation 2:
Your test
score affects
the length of
your sleep.
Some INDEPENDEN
experimental T
variables can
also be used
in conducting
research
1. An extraneous
Some
experimental variable
variables can variable that
also be used affects the
in conductingoutcome of an
research experiment but
is not relevant
2. Control
variable
an extraneous
variable that
contributes to the
validity of an
experiment
3. Confounding
variable
affects both the
independent and
dependent variables
4. Intervening
variable, or a
mediator variable
theoretical variable used by
the researcher to explain a
cause or relationship between
other study factors—usually
dependent and independent
5. Moderating or
moderator variable
alters the relationship
between dependent and
independent variables by
boosting or diminishing the
effect of the intervening
CATEGORICA
L VARIABLES
(also called qualitative
variable) refers to a
characteristic that can’t be
quantifiable. Categorical
NOMINAL
It represent categories that
cannot be ordered in any
particular way. It is a variable
with no quantitative value. It
has two or more categories
but does not imply ordering
NOMINAL
A nominal variable is one that
describes a name, label or
category without natural
order.
ORDINAL
It represent categories
that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest. This
variable has two or more
categories which can be
ORDINAL
a variable whose values
are defined by an order
relation between the
different categories
INTERVAL
It has values that lie along
an evenly dispersed range of
numbers. It is a
measurement where the
difference between two
values does have meaning.
RATIO
It has values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range of
numbers when there is absolute
zero. It possesses the properties
of interval variable and has a
clear definition of zero,
indication that there is none of

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