Revolutionize Java Database

Application Development with Reactive

Streams and Virtual Threads

BarcelonaJUG
Juarez Barbosa Junior @juarezjunior
Sr. Principal Java Developer Evangelist
ORACLE

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

@juarezjunior
@juarezjunior Juarez Álvares Barbosa Junior
Senior Principal Java Developer Evangelist

• Coming from Dublin, Ireland

• Developer since 1995 (Java ☕️1997)
• 28 years of experience in SW Engineering &
DevRel
• Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Nokia, Unisys, Accenture, startups
• Microsoft Azure Developer Relations Lead
• IBM Watson Tech Evangelist & Cloud Rockstar
• IBM Mobile Tech Evangelist & Global Thought Leader
• Nokia Developers Global Champion
• Java, Python, Cloud, DevOps, SRE, Cloud-native, IoT, AI,
Blockchain, Rust
• Speaker at conferences
• Oracle CloudWorld, Oracle Code, Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft
TechX, jPrime, JCON, DevConf.cz, GeeCon, DevOpsDays,
DeveloperWeek, DevOps Institute, CloudLand, DWX, The
Developer’s Conference (TDC), Sec4Dev, JSNation,
NodeConf, Conf42, Shift Conf, Global Azure, Open-Source
Lisbon, CodeFrenzy, Mêlée Numérique, React Summit,
Test.js Summit, Porto TechHub Conf, Pyjamas, JUGs,
meetups, etc.
 Agenda
•Java App Dev with Oracle Database
•Oracle JDBC - Support for the Latest Java Versions
•Overview of Oracle DB Access with Java
•Oracle JDBC – Sync and Async
•Classic Java Platform Threads
•Project Loom – Virtual Threads
•Virtual Threads - JEPs 425, 436, 444
•Demo # 1: Virtual vs Platform Threads
•Reactive JDBC - Synchronous vs Asynchronous JDBC
•Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
•Demo # 2: Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
•From Sync to Reactive JDBC: Oracle R2DBC
•Demo # 3: Oracle R2DBC with Project Reactor
•Live Labs/Free Oracle Cloud Account/Oracle ACE Program

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Java App Dev with Oracle Database

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Oracle JDBC - Support for the Latest Java Versions

•Java 11 - native support, compiled with it

•Java 17 - certified
•JDBC Standards - 4.2 and 4.3
•GraalVM - native image instrumentation
•Reactive Streams - Java Flow API support
•Project Loom - Virtual Threads support
•Data access is critical in mission-critical apps

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Overview of Oracle DB Access
with Java

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Oracle JDBC –
Async and Sync
•
Project Loom - Virtual Threads
• Synchronous database access with lightweight threads
• Standard JDBC + Virtual Threads
• Client application call stack may use blocking, synchronous code
• Libraries must be compatible with Virtual Threads
• Oracle instrumented the Oracle JDBC driver to support Virtual Threads
•
Reactive Programming
• Asynchronous database access with non-blocking network I/O
• Oracle Reactive Streams Ingestion + Oracle R2DBC + Oracle JDBC Reactive Extensions (Flow)
• Libraries are available: Reactor, RxJava, Akka, Vert.x
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Classic Java
Platform Threads

•
Database access with blocking threads
•
A JDBC call blocks a thread for 100s of milliseconds
(thread-per-request style)
•
Thread count increases linearly with the number of
JDBC calls
•
Performance degrades as the number of threads
increases
•
1 MB of stack memory per thread typically
•
Scheduling many platform threads is expensive
•
Preemptive scheduling vs time-slicing
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 Virtual Threads - JEPs 425,
436, 444
•
Virtual Threads – JEPs (JDK Enhancement Proposals)
•
Lightweight (user mode) threads that dramatically reduce the effort of writing, maintaining,
and observing high-throughput concurrent applications
•
Enable applications written in the simple thread-per-request style to scale with near-
optimal hardware utilization
•
Enable easy troubleshooting, debugging, and profiling of virtual threads with existing JDK
tools
•
Do not remove the traditional implementation of threads
•
Do not alter the basic concurrency model of Java
•
Enable existing code that uses Java threads (java.lang.Thread) to adopt virtual threads with
minimal change

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 Virtual Threads - JEPs 425,
436, 444
•
Virtual Threads – JEPs (JDK Enhancement Proposals)
•
Virtual threads typically employ a small set of platform threads used as carrier threads
•
Code executing in a virtual thread is not aware of the underlying carrier thread
•
The currentThread() method will always return the Thread object for the virtual thread
•
Virtual threads do not have a thread name by default. The getName() method returns the
empty string if a thread name is not set
•
Virtual threads have a fixed thread priority that cannot be changed
•
Virtual threads are daemon threads so do not prevent the shutdown sequence from
beginning (low-priority ones).

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 •
JDK Enhancement Proposals
• JEP 425: Virtual Threads (Preview)

Virtual • JEP 436: Virtual Threads (Second Preview)

• JEP 444: Virtual Threads

Threads •
java.lang.Thread

- JEPs final Boolean - isVirtual()

•

•
static Thread.Builder.OfVirtual - ofVirtual()

425, •
static Thread.Builder.OfPlatform - ofPlatform()
static Thread - startVirtualThread(Runnable task)
436, 444
•

•
java.lang.Thread.Builder
•
java.util.concurrent.Executors
•
static ExecutorService -
newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()

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Virtual Threads - JEPs 425, 436, 444

•
java.lang.Thread.Builder
•
Thread defines a
Thread.Builder API for
creating and starting
both platform and virtual
threads. The following
are examples that use
the builder:

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 Demo # 1: Virtual vs Platform Threads

Virtual Threads vs Platform Threads

JEP 425 Virtual Threads (Preview)

JEP 436 (Second Preview)

JEP 444 (JDK 21)

Runs on Java 19, 20, 21

javac --release 19 --enable-preview

java --enable-preview

Oracle JDBC Driver instrumented to support Virtual Threads

Verifiable comparison of OS/HW resources consumption (Platform Threads x
Virtual Threads)

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Reactive JDBC - Sync vs Async JDBC

Synchronous JDBC Setup Setup Setup

Blocking Blocking Blocking

Database
Handle Result Handle Result Handle Result

Reactive JDBC Setup Setup Setup

Non-Blocking Non-Blocking Non-Blocking

Database

Handle Result Handle Result Handle Result

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 Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)

Java Library for Reactive Streams Ingestion

Streaming capability: Ingest data in an unblocking, and
reactive way from a large group of clients

Group records through RAC (Real App Clusters),
and Shard affinity using native UCP (Universal Connection
Pool)

Optimize CPU allocation while decoupling record
Processing from I/O

Fastest insert method for the Oracle Database through
Direct Path Insert, bypassing SQL and writing directly into the DB files

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Demo #2: RSI - Architecture

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Demo #2: RSI - Project Structure

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Demo # 2: Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
RSI Runtime: Non-
blocking, optimized Build
Push
Microservices
Docker Pull images
library for streaming images to from
Test
data through Direct Define Registry Registry
Path, Shard & RAC/FAN build for Push
support. CI/CD Cloud Container
HTTP / REST Engine over toolchain Infrastruct Engine for
Container Kubernetes
Helidon ure
Pipelines,
Registry
gRPC / AMQP / MQTT Jenkins, Deploy
Engines etc. images to
production

Record JDBC
HTTP / REST Streaming
over Containers Direct Path
IoT Devices /

AMQP multiple running INSERT

protocols. microservices
Apps

deployed over ATP, ADW, ATP-D,

cvgRPC Kubernetes AFDW-D
Memoptimized
MQTT Kubernetes Rowstore
worker
Files / Logs nodes

ORACLE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE

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 R2DBC – Reactive Relational DB
Connectivity
From Sync to Reactive
JDBC: Oracle R2DBC
•
Oracle Reactive Relational Database Connectivity (R2DBC)
•
Oracle R2DBC Driver is a Java library that supports reactive
programming with the Oracle Database
•
It implements the R2DBC Service Provider Interface (SPI) as
specified by the Reactive Relational Database Connectivity
(R2DBC) spec
•
The R2DBC SPI exposes Reactive Streams as an abstraction
for remote database operations
•
The sample code uses Project Reactor. It could use RxJava,
Akka, or any Reactive Streams library
•
Runs on Java 11+
•
Oracle RDBC 1.1.1 (2023), Apache v2.0, OSS
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 Demo # 3: Oracle R2DBC

static String queryJdbc(java.sql.Connection connection) throws SQLException { static Publisher<String> queryR2dbc(io.r2dbc.spi.Connection connection) {

try (java.sql.Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) { return Flux.from(connection.createStatement(

ResultSet resultSet = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS")
statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS"); .execute())
.flatMap(result ->
if (resultSet.next()) result.map(row -> row.get(0, String.class)))
return resultSet.getString(1); .switchIfEmpty(Flux.error(
else new NoSuchElementException("Query returned zero rows")));
throw new NoSuchElementException("Query returned zero rows");
} }

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Virtual Threads
or Reactive?
•Oracle JDBC supports both!

•Want Virtual Threads?

• The Oracle JDBC driver has been
“Virtual Thread Compatible” since
21c

•Want Reactive?
• Oracle R2DBC 1.1.1 is available now
• Consume Flow interfaces directly
from Oracle JDBC’s Reactive
Extensions
Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates
 Virtual Threads or Reactive?
•Benefits of Virtual Threads: Benefits of Reactive:
• Easier to read and write • Reactive Libraries (Reactor, RxJava, Akka,
Vert.x)
• Easier to debug
• Stream-like API with a functional style
• Integration with JDK tools
• • Low-level concurrency is handled for you
Do not alter the basic concurrency model of Java
(locks, atomics, queues)
• Now available in JDK 21

•Limitations of Virtual Threads:

• Some libraries/frameworks are not Limitations of Reactive:
compatible yet • Steep learning curve
• Harder to read and write
• Harder to debug

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 References
• JDK 21
• The Arrival of JDK 21 - https://blogs.oracle.com/java/post/the-arrival-of-java-21
• Project Loom / Virtual Threads
• Loom - https://openjdk.org/projects/loom/
• JEP 444 Virtual Threads (Targeted) - https://openjdk.org/jeps/444
• Introduction to Oracle JDBC 21c Driver Support for Virtual Threads -
https://bit.ly/3UlNJWP
• Reactive Streams Ingestion Library
• Getting Started with the Java library for Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI) -
https://bit.ly/3rEiRnC
• High-throughput stream processing with the Java Library for Reactive Streams
Ingestion (RSI), Virtual Threads, and the Oracle ATP Database - https://bit.ly/3rATCTd
• RSI - https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/
• R2DBC
• Oracle R2DBC Driver – https://github.com/oracle/oracle-r2dbc
• Develop Java applications with Oracle Database
• JDBC – https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/appdev/jdbc.html

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Juarez Junior
@juarezjunior