DOING PHILOSOPHY

QUARTER 1- WEEK 1 D1
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY:
Distinguish a holistic perspective
from a partial point of view.
PPT11/12-Ia-1.1
Doing philosophy can also be applied in making laws.
Nowadays, the number of minors involved in criminal
acts is rising. There had been proposals by some
legislators that the age of criminal liability be
reduced to 15 years old as opposed to the usual 18
years old.
Make your arguments regarding this issue. Write
your clear and valid arguments in one whole yellow
pad. Your arguments will be grade using the rubric
below.
DOING PHILOSOPHY
QUARTER 1- WEEK 1 D2
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY:

Distinguish a holistic perspective

from a partial point of view.
PPT11/12-Ia-1.1
WHERE DID PHILOSOPHY
ORIGINATE?
Philosophy traces its roots in Ancient Greece in the 6th
Century BCE. Traditions had it that the word Philosophy was first
coined by Pythagoras, a Greek mathematician. He used this
term to classify three classes of people who attended the
ancient Olympic Games as lovers of gain, lovers of honor; and
lovers of knowledge or wisdom (Caraan 2016, 2). He favored the
third class for not being driven by profit nor honor. Instead, they
sought ways to arrive at the truth. He then called these people
as philosophers. Among the ancient Greeks, philosophers
became pioneers in history, biology, medicine, mathematics,
astronomy, and even physics.
 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
Many philosophers could not agree on the exact definition of the word philosophy.
Despite its varying definitions and lack of general agreement to it, it does not mean that the
term cannot be defined and characterized. Here are some popular definition of philosophy:

Etymological definition
The word philosophy is derived from philosophia which is a combination of the Greek terms
philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom). Thus, philosophy means love of wisdom.” Philosophers,
therefore, are the people who are “lovers of wisdom” (Amanze, et. Al., 2010)

Technical definition
Philosophy can be best defined as the science of the first causes (Maritain, 2005). It seeks
to know and clarify the very source of which all the chain of causes ultimately all go back
to it.
Philosophy is also a science since it utilizes reason and logic in an attempt to understand
reality and answer fundamental questions concerning knowledge, life, morality, and human
nature.
 WHAT ARE THE BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY?
Metaphysics Study of What's out
Existence there?
Epistemolog Study of How do I know
y Knowledge about it?
Ethics Study of What should I
Action do?
Aesthetics Study of Art What can life
 PHILOSOPHY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
FOUR MAJOR BRANCHES NAMELY:
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the examination of existence (Landauer and Rowlands
2001, para. 1). It answers queries like “What is the meaning of life? What is the purpose of life? Does God exist?”.

Epistemology
Epistemology studies the process of attaining knowledge. It answers the question,
‘How do we know?”. Among the biggest concerns of epistemology are the origin and the verification or the
confirmation of knowledge. It is also concerned with how the human person’s mind is associated with reality; and
whether these relationships are valid or invalid (Landauer and Rowlands 2001, para. 1).

Ethics
Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with correct judgment. It answers the question, “What I ought to do?” It is
the study of right or wrong in human actions (Landauer and Rowlands 2001, para. 1). It is concerned about human
conduct. It deals with norms or standards of right and wrong applicable to human behavior.

Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that delves into art (Landauer and Rowlands 2001, para. 1). The study includes
what art is and the purpose behind it . The philosopher is concerned with the analysis of aesthetic experience and
the idea of what is beautiful. It attempts to answer questions like “is art subjective?”
Activate the philosopher in you by formulating your five (5) philosophical
questions to each branch of philosophy. Copy the table below in a one
whole yellow pad.
Branch of Philosophy Philosophical Question
1.
Metaphysics 2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Epistemology 2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Ethics 2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Aesthetics 2.
3.
4.
5.
DOING PHILOSOPHY
QUARTER 1- WEEK 1 D3
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY:

Realize the value of doing

philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life PPT11/12-Ia-1.2
 The term Philosophy came from two Greek
words philo and sophia which means “to love”
and “wisdom”, respectively. Simply put,
Philosophy means the love of reasoning making
wisdom as its primary goal. Technically,
Philosophy is defined as the science that by
natural light of reason studies the highest
principles of things.
 In order to understand further the meaning of Philosophy,
the following salient features of it must be taken into
consideration:

Philosophy is a science.
It is called as such because it is systematic and follows certain steps or procedures. In short, it is
an organized body of knowledge same as any other sciences.
It employs Natural Light of Reason.
This means that philosophical investigation does not use any laboratory instrument,
investigative tools nor supernatural approach. Philosophers use their natural thinking capacity
or use the so-called unaided reason.
Philosophy is inclined to Study All Things.
Other sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation such as:
anthropology which deals with human beings in relation with the society; sociology focuses on
society, its forms, structures and functions; botany concentrates its attention on plants;
Philosophy may deal with human beings, society and plants among others. It is this character
that Philosophy is considered multidimensional or holistic.
Philosophy employs First Cause or Highest Principle.
Note that principle means a reason (or an explanation) from which something
A. Complete the table below. Write your answers in a 1 whole yellow
pad.

 My own Perspective
ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE ACTION?
1. Buying new clothes
2. Choosing friends
3. Eating food
4. Deciding where to study for Senior
High School
5. Going to school
6. Visiting a friend
7. Playing computer games
8. Buying a new gadget
9. Helping a stranger
10. Traveling without your family
11. Watching movies that are not allowed
for your age
12. Posting your opinion or feelings in
the social media
13. Communicating to your siblings about
B. As a grade 12 student, what have
you realized about the activity “My
own Perspective”? Reflect and explain
your answer in a 1 whole yellow pad.
DOING PHILOSOPHY
QUARTER 1- WEEK 1 D4
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY:

Realize the value of doing

philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life PPT11/12-Ia-1.2
Why does philosophy value
questioning?
In philosophy, almost all questions are valid since they
aim at understanding the world better. Any question that is
genuinely felt and allows further exploration can be a
philosophical one. In a general sense, questions are more
important than the answers in the realm of philosophy.
For Plato, “Philosophy begins in wonder” (Abella 2016,
7). This means that one begins to embark on his philosophical
journey through a life of questioning and searching the truth.
Thus, philosophy starts with a feeling of curiosity and
puzzlement. And it is man’s role to be in search of answers.
Why does philosophy value
questioning?
The habit of questioning can activate the mind to think
and find solutions to different problems. Questions can help
improve the body of knowledge since they can either challenge
existing information or refine it. This is the reason why
philosophy will endure because the act of questioning is eternal
(Dy, 2005).
Why we need Philosophy?

Philosophy plays an important role in one’s life. Students who learn

philosophy get a great many benefits from doing so. Here some practical
uses that one can get if he ventures in this undertaking:
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts definitions, arguments, and problems.
2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.
3. A philosopher is a wise communicator who can clear and adequately
present his or her ideas.
4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing, and this refers to a
person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life, particularly in making
sound choices and judgment.
5. Finally, knowledge of philosophy can contribute to self-development.
 Using the ripple effect diagram below, write a willful (deliberate) act
at the center. In the next circle, write down the effects of that act on
yourself. Then, write how others were affected by your decision at the
outermost part of the diagram.