WELCOME TO

OUR
PRESENTATION
SEQUENCE
AND SERIES
 PRESENTERS

Name: Chetana Pokharel

Grade: 12
Section: K
Roll no.: 13
 PRESENTERS

Name: Chetana Pokharel Name: Srijeet Chaulagain

Grade: 12 Grade: 12
Section: K Section: K
Roll no.: 13 Roll no.: 40
 PRESENTERS

Name: Chetana Pokharel Name: Srijeet Chaulagain Name: Chandan Kamati

Grade: 12 Grade: 12 Grade: 12
Section: K Section: K Section: K
Roll no.: 13 Roll no.: 40 Roll no.: 12
 ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT

GLOBAL COLLEGE Rewati Khanal Mukunda Jha

OF MANAGEMENT For Providing
For Providing
• For providing Required Guidance
Required Guidance
platform For Assistance In
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presentation Data Selection
preparation
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
S
OBJECTIVE
S
OBJECTIVE
S TO LEARN PRESENTATION
SKILL
OBJECTIVE
S
TO LEARN TEAMWORK
SKILL
OBJECTIVE
S

TO LEARN RESEARCH
SKILL
OBJECTIVE
S TO LEARN HISTORY OF
SEQUENCE AND SERIES
OBJECTIVE
S TO KNOW ABOUT THE
EXAMPLE OF SEQUENCE
AND SERIES
 TO LEARN DAILY LIFE
OBJECTIVE EXAMPLE OF SEQUENCE
S
AND SERIES
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
Terminologies
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
Terminologies
Types
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
Terminologies
Types
Examples
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
Terminologies
Types
Examples
Application
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction and history
Terminologies
Types
Examples
Application
Conclusion
History of sequence and serie
History of sequence and serie
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) - was a German
mathematician who contributed in many fields of
mathematics and science and is touted as one of
history's most influential mathematicians.- He was the
father of sequence and series. He was able to create so
much mathematics in his lifetime that he got a very
early start.
 What is
sequence and
series?
Sequences and series are fundamental concepts in
mathematics.
Sequences and series are fundamental concepts in
mathematics.
A sequence is an arrangement of any objects or a
set of numbers in a particular order followed by
some rule separated by commas(,), while a series
is a kind of sequence seprated by plus(+) or minus
sign(-).
 TERMINOLOGIES
Let’s take an example of an arithmetic series.
1+4+7+10+13
So, in this question
First term is a(t1) =1
Last term is b(tn) =13
Common Difference is d=ti+1 -ti =3
Sum upto nth term= =35
 TERMINOLOGIES
Let’s take an example of a geometric series.
1+2+4+8+16
So, in this question
First term is a(t1) =1
Last term is b(tn) =16
Common ratio is r= =2
Sum upto nth term= = 31
TYPES
 TYPES
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE OR SERIES
• Sequence or series having common difference
• Formula:
 General term(tn)= a+(n-1)d
where, a= first term
n= number of terms
d= common difference

 Sum upto nth term(sn)=

where, a= first term
n= number of terms
d= common difference
 EXAMPLES
If the product of a manufacturing company is 2000 units
Arithmetic Sequence

in first year and every year it increases by 100, then what

will be the production at the end of 4th year.
Arithmetic Sequence
If the product of a manufacturing company is 2000 units
in first year and every year it increases by 100, then what
will be the production at the end of 4th year.
Soln:
a(t1)= 2000
d=100
n=5
So,
t5 =a+(n-1)d
=2000+(4)100
=2400 units
The production will be 2400 units at the end of 4th year.
 TYPES
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE OR SERIES
• Sequence or series having common ratio
• Formula:
 Term(tn)= arn-1
where, a= First term
n= Number of terms
r= Common ratio

 Sum(sn)=
r≠ 1
where, a= First term
n= Number of terms
r= Common ratio
 EXAMPLES
Sudhir borrows Rs. 4368 which he promises to pay in six
Geometric Sequence

annual installments, each installments being trible of the

preceding one. Find the first and last installment.
Geometric Sequence
Sudhir borrows Rs. 4368 which he promises to pay in six
annual installments, each installments being trible of the
preceding one. Find the first and last installment.
Soln:
First Case,
a(t1) = ? r=3 n=6 Sn =4368
Sn =
4368=
43682= a(729-1)
8736= a728
a= 12

Second Case
a=12 r=3 n=6 tn =?
tn =arn-1
=1235 =2196
 TYPES
HARMONIC SEQUENCE OR SERIES

• Sequence or series whose reciprocal is arithmetic sequence

or series is harmonic sequence or series.
• Formula:
 General term(tn)=
where, a= first term
n= number of terms
d= common difference
 EXAMPLES
Harmonic Sequence
The speed of a bike is 20km/hr when it moves from Baneshwor to
Tripureshowr and 30km/hr Tripureshwor to Koteshwor. Find the
average speed from Baneshwor to Koteshwor .
 EXAMPLES
Harmonic Sequence
The speed of a bike is 20km/hr when it moves from Baneshwor to
Tripureshowr and 30km/hr Tripureshwor to Koteshwor. Find the
average speed from Baneshwor to Koteshwor .
Harmonic Sequence
The speed of a bike is 20km/hr when it moves from Baneshwor to
Tripureshwor and 30km/hr Tripureshwor to Koteshwor. Find the
average speed from Baneshwor to Koteshwor .
Soln :
Speed from Baneshwor to Tripureshwor= 20km/hr
Speed from Tripureshwor to Koteshwor = 30km/hr
N=2
Now,
Average speed =
=
= =24km/hr
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
 Bikash has Rs.10,000 and he wants to deposit it to the bank for
10 years. The bank “A” provide the rate of 12% per annum in S.I.
IN COMPOUND

and the bank “B” provide 10% per annum in C.I.. So, in which
INTEREST AND

bank he should deposit.

SIMPLE
INTEREST
 Bikash has Rs.10,000 and he wants to deposit it to the bank for
10 years. The bank “A” provide the rate of 12% per annum in S.I.
and the bank “B” provide 10% per annum in C.I.. So, in which
IN COMPOUND
INTEREST AND

bank he should deposit.

SIMPLE
INTEREST

For bank A
Let the first term be “a”
i.e. t1 = Rs.10,000
Now, t2 = Rs 10,000+ 12% of Rs. 10,000
=Rs. 11,200
We calculate “d” using t1 and t2
Now,

d= t2-t1
= 11,200-10000
= 1,200

t10 =a+(n-1)d
=10,000+91200
=Rs.20,800
 Bikash has Rs.10,000 and he wants to deposit it to the bank for
10 years. The bank “A” provide the rate of 12% per annum in S.I.
and the bank “B” provide 10% per annum in C.I.. So, in which
IN COMPOUND
INTEREST AND

bank he should deposit.

SIMPLE
INTEREST

For bank B
Let the first term be “a”
i.e. t1 = Rs.10,000
Now, t2 = Rs 10,000+ 10% of Rs. 10,000
=Rs. 11,000
We calculate “r” using t1 and t2
Now,

r=
=
=1.1

t10 =ar10-1
=10,000(1.1)9
=23579.47
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
 A ball is dropped from the height of 128 ft. If it re-bounces
times of height from which it falls every time it hits the
IN GAMES ground, how high will it bounce after 4th strike.
 A ball is dropped from the height of 128 ft. If it re-bounces
times of height from which it falls every time it hits the
IN

ground, how high will it bounce after 4th strike.

GAMES

Soln:
a=128
r=
t2 = ar
= 128
=96

Similarly, We get t3= 72

Series= 128+96+72+...
Now,
t5 = arn-1
=1284
= ft
APPLICATIONS
IN FINANCE IN SALARY
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
 Sahil is going to marry after 5 years and the price of gold
per tola currently is Rs.1,43,300. And the inflation rate is
found to be 3% per year. So, find the price of gold when
Sahil will be marrying.
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS
 Sahil is going to marry after 5 years and the price of gold
per tola currently is Rs.1,43,300. And the inflation rate is
found to be 3% per year. So, find the price of gold when
IN FINANCE AND
ECONOMICS

Sahil will be marrying.

Soln :
Initial price of gold(a)= Rs.143,300
t2 = 143,300+3% of 143,300
= 147,599
Rate(r) =
=
=1.03

Now,
Price after 5 years(t5) = arn-1
= 1433001.034
=Rs.161285.42
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
 If the 1st year’s salary of Krisha is Rs.20,000. And if
its increases by 10% in 1st and 20% in 2nd years
IN SALARY

respectively. Find the average salary increment of

Krisha in 2 years.
 If the 1st year’s salary of Krishna is Rs.20,000. And if its
increases by 10% in 1st and 20% in 2nd years respectively.
IN SALARY

Find the average salary increment of Krishna in 2 years.

Soln:
Salary of 1st year (a)=20,000
Salary increment of second year (a2)=20000.1
=2,000
Salary increment of third year (a3)=2200.2
=4,400
We find,
log(2000)+log(4400)=6.944
N=2
Now,
Geometric Mean= antilog(
= antilog()
=2966.47
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
 The number of bacteria in the body of a patient is said to
double every hour. If there were 3 bacteria present in the
body of patient originally. So, how many bacteria will be
IN

present in the body of patient at the end of the 10th hour.

EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
 The number of bacteria in the body of a patient is said to
double every hour. If there were 3 bacteria present in the
IN EXPONENTIAL

body of patient originally. So, how many bacteria will be

GROWTH

present in the body of patient at the end of the 10th hour.

Soln:
Bacteria present initially(a)= 3
Ratio of Increment(r) =2
Time(n) =11

Now,
t11 =arn-1
=310
=3
=3072
The bacteria that will be present after 10th hour is 3072.
The population of a small town was 60,000. If it is increased by 12% every
year. What will be the total population after 5 years?
The population of a small town was 60,000. If it is increased by 12% every
year. What will be the total population after 5 years?

Solution:
a= 60,000
t2 = 60,000+12%of 60,000
= 67,200
now,
r=
=
=1.12
n=6

t6 = ar6-1
=60,0001.126-1
=60,0001.76

~105741
=105740.5
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
To find the sum Find the sum upto infinite series of 8+4+2+1+...
upto infinite
series
To find the
sum upto
Find the sum upto infinite series of 8+4+2+1+...
infinite
series

Soln:
Given series is 8+4+2+1+...
We have,
a= 8
t2 =4
r=
=
=

Now,
S∞=
= =16
APPLICATIONS
IN SALARY
IN FINANCE
AND
ECONOMICS

IN GAMES

IN EXPONENTIAL
GROWTH
IN COMPOUND To find the sum
INTEREST upto infinite
&SIMPLE series
INTEREST
SOME OTHER
APPLICATIONS
In Calculation Of Depreciation
In Calculus
In Biology
In Music
And Many More.....
 CONCLUSION
We shared you about the following topics:
• Introduction & History of Sequence and
series
• Types of sequence and series
• Application of sequence and series
In simple interest
In compound interest


In games


In finance and economics



REFRENCES
• https://byjus.com/maths/sequence-and-series/
• https://www.cuemath.com/numbers/sequence-and-series/
• Books:
 Nabaraj Adhikari, Kriti Publication, 2079B.S.
 Dr. Prakash Muni Bajrachrya, Buddha Publication,
2021B.S.
 SO GUYS
ANY
QUESTION