MODULE: 8

BEST PRACTICES IN BUILDING ENERGY

MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

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 1 INTRODUCTION

2 GREEN BUILDING

CONTENTS 3 GREEN BUILDING FACTS

4 NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

5 BUILDING AS AN ENERGY SYSTEM

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 1. INTRODUCTION

• The construction industry in the country is growing at a rapid pace. The rate of growth in India is 10% as
compared to the world average of 5.2%.

• It is being projected by 2030 that two-thirds of the buildings have yet to be built and 1 billion m 2 of new
commercial buildings will be added.

• Commercial buildings are the third largest consumers of energy, after industry and agriculture. Buildings
annually consume about 30-35% of electricity consumption in India.

• Out of the total electricity consumed in the building sector, around 75% is used in residential buildings.

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 2. GREEN BUILDING

• A Green building is one which uses less water, improves energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a
conventional building
• A green building incorporates the following features:
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Better living conditions
• Eco-friendly sustainable materials
• Less transport use
• Less waste
• Habitat protection/restoration

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Green Building Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
• LEED was developed by US Green Building Council in year 1998.
• Projects may acquire one of four levels of LEED Certification (Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum) by
securing a given number of credits according to the norms in the rating system.
• LEED has 9 basic criteria, namely Integrative Process, Location & Transportation, Sustainable site,
Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmosphere, Material & Resources, Indoor Environment Quality,
Innovation & Design Process and Regional Priority

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

• IGBC is a part of CII-Godrej Green Business Centre started in 2003 as Indian counter part
of USGBC LEED
• IGBC is a rating tool for evaluating building performance according to a set criteria and
standard norms. Rating system is divided in four levels of certification (Certified, Silver,
Gold or Platinum)
• IGBC has 6 basic criteria, namely Site Selection Planning & Design, Water Efficiency,
Energy Efficiency, Building Material, Indoor Air Quality, Innovation & Others

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

• Was developed by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) and supported by MNRE ((Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy) and declared as India’s National Rating System for Green Buildings in 2007.
• GRIHA adopts the five ‘R’ (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Reinvent)
• The GRIHA rating system contains 31 criteria categorized in 9 different areas as Site selection and site
planning, Conservation and efficient utilization of resources, Building operation and maintenance and
Innovation
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USGBC – GBCI RATINGS

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IGBC RATINGS

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GRIHA VARIANTS

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 CERTIFICATION LEVELS The threshold criteria for certification levels are shown:

 Points: 50-59   Points: 50-59  Points: 80-110

02 04 Points: 75-100 02 04
points earned points earned points earned points earned

02
SILVER
04 02 04
IGBC PLATINUM LEED
SILVER PLATINUM

01 01
CERTIFIED 03 PLATINUM
CERTIFIED
03
GOLD GOLD
 Points: 40-49   Points: 40-49  Points: 60-79
01 Points: 60-74 01
03 03 points earned
points earned points earned points earned

 Points: 56-70 points

03
05
earned
03
01
 Points: 86+
 Points: 25-40
01 05 points earned
points earned
GRIHA
02
04
 Points: 71-85
 Points: 41-55 04
02 points earned 9
points earned
 It is not possible to adopt one rating system for entire world. Importance of each
Why not One Rating System? parameter of green building vary depending on its geographical location, culture
and economic growth of that particular area.

Financial Benefits Incentives

• Green buildings reduce carbon emission by ~35% and consume
~25% less energy than the conventional buildings
• As per Haryana Building Code incentive of
additional FAR for achieving GRIHA/IGBC/LEED Benefits of
• Savings in water consumption (about 20%-50%)
• Limited waste generation (about 50%) due to recycling and reuse
rating shall be applicable only on new
buildings Green Building
• Lower operation and maintenance costs • The details of rating achieved from
• Enhanced image and marketability GRIHA/IGBC/LEED and Additional Floor Area
• Increased property values Ratio (FAR) in Uttar Pradesh is as under:-
• Improved employee attendance
LEED - - Silver Gold Platinum
Social Benefits
IGBC - - Silver Gold Platinum
• Enhancing occupant comfort and health leading to fewer
diseases. GRIHA 3 Star 4 Star 5Star
• Heighten aesthetic qualities of the homes.
• Minimizing the strain on local infrastructure and conventional Additional NA 5% 5%
materials as we move towards more eco-friendly materials and FAR
techniques.
• Improving overall quality of life. Scenario: Business Benefit of Green Building in India (2015-2018)
New Green Building Green Retrofit
Parameters
Environmental Benefits 2015 2018 2015 2018
• Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems Decreased Operating Cost Over One Year 10% 8% 11% 8%
• Improves air and water quality
• Reduces waste Decreased Operating Cost Over Five Year 15% 15% 16% 12%
• Conserve and restore natural resources.
Payback Time for Green Investments (Years) 4 7 5 5

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Source: World Green Building Trend, 2018; by Dodge Data & Analytic
3. GREEN BUILDING FACTS
Green buildings reduce carbon emission by ~35% and consume ~25% less energy than the conventional buildings.

OVERLAPPING CRITERIA OF GREEN BUILDING

Indoor Environment &
Commuters Comfort Energy Efficiency Water Efficiency Site Management
Innovation (IC) (IEC) (EE) (WE) (SSM)
Value‐added opportu- Fresh Air Ventilation, Indoor Eco Friendly Refriger- Efficient Water Fix- Green Policy, Segrega-
nity, Exemplary Perfor- Air Quality (IAQ) Monitor- ants & Halon-Free Sys- tures, Rain Water Har- tion of Waste, Pro-
mance, ing & Control, Isolation of tems, Energy Effi- vesting (Station), Ultra mote use of alterna-
quantitative perfor- Polluting Equipment & Sys- ciency (Traction/ Non- efficient water fix- tive fuel vehicles, Uni-
mance , Organic Land- tems, Daylighting, Eco- Traction), On/Off – tures, Water Metering versal Access, Heat Is-
scaping / Integrated Pest friendly Housekeeping Site Renewable En- land Mitigation (roof/
Management Chemicals, Commuter Facil- ergy, Energy Metering non-roof), Green Edu-
Program, Active Green ities, Punctuality, Reliability & Management, cation, Site Operations
Education Components Green House Gas Mit- & Maintenance
igation

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 “IGBC has footprint of 4,800+ projects registered 588.07 million Sq.mt” which is highest in India
MARKET CAPTURE but comparing at global level and the Brand value, “LEED is leading the world and will support
builders in higher resale value of green building which will act as incentives for Builders”

Rating Authority Fees (INR) – Non Member

PARAMETER IGBC GRIHA LEED (BD+C)*

Registration 30,000.00 2,50,000.00 $1,500
LEED Fees

752+ projects registered 3,00,000 .00 2,00,000.00

Pre-Certifica- (20,001 Sqmt & (1,50,000 – 3,00,000 $5,000
20.28 million sq.mt tion Fees Above) Sqmt.)

~73% Gross Floor

Rate
Area

64,000.00
Certification 7,20,000 .00 (Upto 5,000 Sqmt.) 500,000 -
(50,001 Sqmt. & + 749,999 Sqft
Fees Above) 3,81,307 (750,000 Sqft
IGBC $0.068 /sf
(Above 5,000 Sqmt.) or greater re-
quest a quote
4,800+ projects
~12%
from USGBC)
registered
588.07 million Sq.mt.
~15% Total Fees Ex-
750,000 Sqft or greater
cluding 18% 10,50,000.00 8,95,308.00
request a quote from USGBC
GST (Approx.)
GRIHA
1000+ projects registered
42 million sq.mt *GreenTree offers 20% and 10% discount to LEED and GRIHA Projects since it holds Silver Membership of USGBC
and Empanelment with GRIHA respectively. 12
 EXECUTION Green Building Assessment Rating Systems in India

LEED for India NC Rating System IGBC Rating System Site Selection and Planning
14% Water Conservation
Water Efficiency 19%
Location & Transportation 10%
18%
Indoor Enviromental Quality
9%
Building Material and
Regional Priority Resources
4% 16% Indoor Environmental Quality
9%

Materials and Resources

13%
Innovation and Development
Energy 7%
and atmosphere
innovation in design 30%
6%
Efficiency
LEED Rating Sustainable Sites
10%
Sustainable Architecture and
Design
30%

IGBC India 5%

GRIHA Rating System Comparison of Building Assessment Tools in India

Performance Monitoring and Site Planning
validation 8%
Socio - economic Strategies 8%
6%

Construction Management
5%
9%
Waste Management 11% 22% Management/ sustainable site
6%
Energy/ Energy efficiency/…

Indoor Environmenta…

Sustainable Building Material Energy Optimization

12% Health and well being
14% 20%
Recycle, recharge and…

Materials
6% Transportation

GRIHA Rating water Occupant Comfort and Well- 30% Innovation

being
17%
12% 13%

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CONCLUSION MATRIX

Customer Prospect-
Implementation
Marketability
Brand Value/

Compliance
Execution
Authority

Cost
Fees

ive
Parameters

Most Favorable

IGBC Favorable
Low

Less favorable

LEED Mostly Likely, but

Globally
High High Budget
Used
Constraint

GRIHA
Moderate

Note: “Considering weightage of around 45% under Brand Value/ Marketability of total evaluated parameters of the matrix”. 14
 4. NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING (NZEB)

• In order to achieve their net zero energy goals, NZEBs must

first reduce energy demand using energy efficient
technologies, and then utilize renewable energy sources to
meet the residual energy demand.

• NZEB is aimed at eliminating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

associated with the operation of new buildings by 2030, and
eliminate the GHG emissions from all buildings by 2050.

NZEB Concept

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 5. BUILDING AS AN ENERGY SYSTEM

Building Energy System

• The Energy Auditor needs to look holistically at the building when

recommending efficiency measures to ensure that these energy
interactions are taken into account.

• As using passive methods for cooling, the most sustainable approach

wouldbe adopting three-tier approach with heat avoidance being the
first preference, followed by passive cooling, and mechanical cooling
as shown in Figure.

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5. ENERGY SAVING APPROACHES FOR BUILDING

5.1 Introduction

• Some of the key Energy Efficiency Measures covering building envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows), Heating
Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System, Lighting (indoor and outdoor), and Electrical Power and
Motors are briefly described as follows:
 Passive designs take advantage of local climates and reduce energy consumption for heating or
cooling the building by optimizing insulation, ventilation, orientation, and shade of a building.
 Some Steps can be used Energy Saving Approach:
 Form and Orientation
 Minimizing Heat Gain through roofs
 Fenestration
 Low Energy Cooling

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5.2 HVAC
• HVAC systems contribute to nearly 40% of the energy used by commercial buildings and over 50% of total energy
consumption in IT buildings.

• The HVAC system types are broadly categorized as follows:

 Centralized system: Central Chilled Water System (Air cooled and water cooled)
 Distributed system (DX system): VRF, Duct able system, split air conditioners, unitary systems

• Energy saving potential in HVAC System Design is shown in Table:

Cooling Load (kW/ton)

Component Improvement Potential
Conventional Design Optimized Design
Chiller 0.75 0.50 33%

Air Distribution System 0.60 0.06 90%

Water Pump 0.30 0.04 87%

Cooling Tower 0.10 0.02 80%

Total 1.75 0.62 65%

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 HVAC

• High efficiency chiller: Chiller is the highest energy consumer in the HVAC system. Chiller efficiency is rated in kW/ ton or
coefficient of performance (COP).

• Types of Chiller :
• Water-cooled chillers
• Chilled water storage
• Ice Bank
• Pumps and fans which are used in HVAC system are designed to achieve Trigeneration System

• Energy-efficient pumps and fans (HVAC system): higher efficiency benchmarks with use of IE3 and IE4 (most energy
efficient motors)

• Air tightness

• Mixed mode ventilation System

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5.3 Other approaches

• Air tightness
• Mixed Mode Ventilation System
• Demand-Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
• Electronically Commutated Fans
• Low-temperature Variable Air Volume
• Heat Recovery Ventilation (‘HRV’) systems
• Solar Cooling
• Insulated roller doors
• Lighting
o LED Lighting
o Occupancy Detection
o Daylight Dimming
o Flexible Lighting Control

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 LIGHTING

• International standards have specified lighting efficiency requirement in terms of lighting power density (LPD) to provide
flexibility to the designer to meet the design as well as the efficiency requirements.

• ECBC has set the minimum LPD requirement for whole building or for each space function to quantify the maximum allowed
lighting power for a respective category to meet the lux level requirement prescribed in the National Building Code (NBC).

• LED Lighting
 Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting provides more light for the same amount of electricity when compared to
fluorescents, metal halides and halogens.

• Occupancy detection
 Occupancy detection uses sensors to identify when people are no longer using a space and switches-off (or turns-
down) building systems, saving energy.

• Daylight dimming
 Daylight dimming (sometimes called ‘daylight harvesting’) uses sensors to identify when there is a good amount of
natural daylight available and turns down lighting, saving energy.

• Flexible Lighting Control

 Flexible lighting control systems provide the ability to link any individual light to any particular switch or sensor,
without altering any physical connections.
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5.4 Renewable Energy
• Building integrated photovoltaic (‘BIPV’)
• Solar hot water systems

5.5 Other areas

• Power factor correction
• Sub-metering systems
• Energy Efficient Appliances
• Electrical Energy Storage
• Building Energy Management System (‘BEMS’)

5.6 Emerging Trends

• BM Analytics
• Self-Learning Buildings
• Use of simulation for energy efficiency in building New Building
• Green Leasing

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EMERGING TRENDS

i. BM Analytics
• Building Management (BM) analytics complements BEMS and is based on statistical analysis, performance
trending and automated diagnostics.

• BM works with BMS to analyse all the data that it collects and generates.

• For new buildings, BM analytics should be embedded in the purchased BEMS. For existing older buildings BM
analytics can be incorporated in BEMS with potential payback period of around 5 years.

ii. Self Learning Buildings

• The application of analytics in Building Energy Management also leads to development of Self-Learning
buildings.

• Self-learning buildings use wireless sensor technology and data mining methods to increase their energy
efficiency over time by anticipating and meeting their occupants’ needs.

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 iii. Use of Simulation for Energy Efficiency in building

New Building Existing Buildings

• Energy simulation has been used in new and existing • Revalidate building performance after one or two years
buildings. of building operation. Also, compare the building
• Some of the key benefits of building simulation in new performance after occupancy, as per M&V protocol.
buildings are as follows: • Support decision making with calibrated simulation
 Optimize energy performance. Building simulation during retro-commissioning/recommissioning of
establishes the impact of key simulation inputs such equipment– electrical and HVAC.
as Lighting Power Density (LPD), set point, window- • Predict energy savings with cost savings/payback with
to-wall ratio (WWR), orientation and fresh air intake proposed implementation of energy efficiency
on energy consumption. measures in existing buildings.
 Support project team in early decision making, such
as capacity of electrical/ HVAC equipment
 Determine several alternatives for better benefits
during operation and maintenance (O&M)
 Evaluate/check code compliance and Green Building
Certification programmes and determine enhanced
energy performance.

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iv. Green Leasing

• Green leasing is a new and emerging concept within the green building world.

• Green leases (also known as energy efficient leases, or high performance leases) align the financial and energy
incentives of building owners and tenants so they can work together to save energy, conserve resources, and ensure
efficient operation of buildings.

• Green lease concept provides means to acknowledge such sustainable practices.

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CONTRIBUTION BY:

Bureau of Energy Efficiency GreenTree Global Team

• Shri Abhay Bakre, Director General, Bureau of Energy • Mr. Anurag Bajpai, Director GreenTree Global
Efficiency • Mr. Dhruv Jain, Director GreenTree Global
• Dr. Ashok Kumar, Deputy Director General, Bureau of • Mr. Pradeep Kumar, Senior Advisor
Energy Efficiency • Dr. C.S. Azad, Lead- Energy Efficiency
• Shri Milind Bhikanrao Deore, Secretary, Bureau of Energy • Ms. Samvedana Bajpai, Technology Enabler
Efficiency • Ms. Swati Bajpai, Energy Analyst
• Shri S. K. Khandare, Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Shri Saurabh Diddi, Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Shri Arijit Sengupta, Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Shri Sameer Pandita, Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Smt. Pravatanalini Samal, Director, Bureau of Energy
Efficiency
• Shri Sunil Kumar Verma, Director, Bureau of Energy
Efficiency
• Shri Kamran Shaikh, Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Shri Abhishek Sharma, Director, Bureau of Energy
Efficiency
• Shri P Shyam Sunder, Joint Director, Bureau of Energy
Efficiency
• Shri Vivek Negi, Joint Director, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• Shri Ravi Shankar Prajapati, Joint Director, Bureau of
Energy Efficiency 26
 Thank You
Presentation Prepared by:
M/s GreenTree Building Energy Private Limited

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