Overview of FTTx

Technologies and ETTH

A Detailed Analysis
 Table of Contents
1. Introduction to FTTx
2. FTTH (Fiber to the Home)
1. Topology
2. Network Components
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
3. FTTB (Fiber to the Building)
1. Topology
2. Network Components
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
4. FTTC (Fiber to the Curb/Cabinet)
1. Topology
2. Network Components
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
5. Differences Between FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC
6. ETTH (Ethernet to the Home)
1. Detailed Analysis
2. Topology
3. Network Components
4. Implementation Challenges and Solutions
 Introduction to FTTx

• Definition of FTTx:
• FTTx stands for Fiber to the 'x', where 'x' can be Home (H), Building (B), Curb (C).
• It represents various fiber-optic communication delivery methods that bring fiber closer
to the end user.
• Importance in Modern Communication Networks:
• FTTx technologies are essential for delivering high-speed internet and supporting the
growing demand for data services.
• They provide a robust infrastructure for future technology advancements and increased
bandwidth requirements.
• Overview of Different FTTx Types:
• FTTH (Fiber to the Home): Direct fiber connection to individual homes.
• FTTB (Fiber to the Building): Fiber connection to a building, with the final connection
to individual units using other methods (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial).
• FTTC (Fiber to the Curb/Cabinet): Fiber connection to a street cabinet, with the final
connection to homes using existing copper infrastructure.
 FTTH - Introduction

• Definition of FTTH:
• FTTH stands for Fiber to the Home.
• It involves the installation of optical fiber from a central point directly to
individual residences.
• Brief History and Development:
• The concept of FTTH emerged in the late 20th century as the demand for
higher bandwidth grew.
• Early deployments were costly and limited, but advancements in technology
and reductions in fiber costs have made FTTH more viable.
• Today, FTTH is seen as a future-proof solution for delivering high-speed internet
and various digital services to homes.
 FTTH - Topology

• Topology Overview:
• FTTH networks use optical fiber cables to provide direct connections from a
central point to individual homes.
• There are two main types of FTTH topologies: Point-to-Point (P2P) and Passive
Optical Network (PON).
• Point-to-Point (P2P) Topology:
• Each home has a dedicated fiber connection to the central office.
• Advantages: High bandwidth, dedicated line per user, no sharing.
• Disadvantages: Higher cost due to more fiber required.
• Passive Optical Network (PON) Topology:
• Uses a single optical fiber to serve multiple homes through optical splitters.
• Advantages: Cost-effective, shared infrastructure.
• Disadvantages: Shared bandwidth, potential for signal degradation.
 FTTH - Network Components

• Optical Line Terminal (OLT):

• Located at the service provider’s central office.
• Converts electrical signals to optical signals for transmission over the fiber network.
• Manages and controls multiple downstream connections to Optical Network Terminals (ONTs).
• Optical Distribution Network (ODN):
• The passive network that carries optical signals from the OLT to the ONTs.
• Includes optical fibers, splitters, and other passive components.
• Splitters divide the optical signal from a single fiber into multiple fibers, enabling multiple homes to be
served.
• Optical Network Terminal (ONT):
• Located at the customer’s premises.
• Converts optical signals back to electrical signals for use by home devices.
• Provides interfaces for internet, television, and telephone services.
• Fiber Splitters:
• Passive devices that split a single optical signal into multiple signals.
• Enable the sharing of a single OLT port among multiple ONTs.
• Typically used in PON architectures.
FTTH - Advantages

• High Bandwidth:
• FTTH provides significantly higher bandwidth compared to traditional copper networks.
• Capable of supporting high-speed internet, HD video streaming, and other data-intensive services.
• Future-Proof:
• Optical fiber has a higher capacity for future upgrades without changing the physical infrastructure.
• Supports the growing demand for bandwidth due to increasing internet usage and connected devices.
• Lower Latency:
• Optical fiber offers lower latency compared to copper and wireless connections.
• Improves performance for real-time applications such as gaming and video conferencing.
• Reliability:
• Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference and signal degradation over distance.
• Provides more consistent and reliable service compared to other technologies.
FTTH - Disadvantages

• High Initial Cost:

• The installation of fiber optic cables involves significant initial investment.
• Costs include fiber cables, installation labor, and optical network components.

• Complex Installation:
• Installing FTTH requires digging trenches, laying fiber cables, and connecting each
home.
• More complex and time-consuming compared to upgrading existing copper
networks.
• Disruption During Installation:
• Installation of fiber optic infrastructure can cause temporary disruption in
neighborhoods.
• Involves construction work that may inconvenience residents.
FTTB - Introduction

• Definition of FTTB:
• FTTB stands for Fiber to the Building.
• It involves running optical fiber from the central office to the building's main
distribution point.
• The final connection from the distribution point to individual units within the building
is typically made using other methods such as Ethernet or coaxial cables.
• Typical Use Cases:
• FTTB is commonly used in multi-dwelling units (MDUs) such as apartment buildings
and office complexes.
• It is suitable for buildings where running fiber directly to each unit (FTTH) may be
cost-prohibitive or logistically challenging.
• Provides high-speed internet and other digital services to multiple users within the
same building.
FTTB - Topology

• Topology Overview:
• FTTB networks run optical fiber from the central office to the building's main distribution
point.
• Within the building, the signal is distributed to individual units using other methods such
as Ethernet, coaxial cables, or sometimes even fiber.
• Diagram Explanation:
• Fiber to the Basement/Central Location:
• Optical fiber reaches the building's basement or a central location within the building.
• From there, the signal is split and distributed to individual units.
• In-Building Distribution:
• Distribution can be done using:
• Ethernet cables (Cat5e, Cat6): Common for newer buildings or recent upgrades.
• Coaxial cables: Often used in older buildings where coaxial infrastructure already exists.
 FTTB - Network Components

• Optical Line Terminal (OLT):

• Located at the service provider’s central office.
• Converts electrical signals to optical signals for transmission over the fiber network.
• Manages and controls multiple downstream connections to the building.
• Fiber to the Building Distribution Point:
• The point where the optical fiber terminates within the building.
• Usually located in the basement or a central location in the building.
• Connects to the building’s internal distribution system.
• Building Distribution System:
• Ethernet Cables (Cat5e, Cat6):
• Commonly used for newer installations or upgrades.
• Connects the distribution point to individual units within the building.
• Coaxial Cables:
• Often used in older buildings with existing coaxial infrastructure.
• Can be used for distributing TV and internet signals.
• Fiber Cables:
• In some cases, fiber may be used to connect the distribution point to individual units for higher performance.
FTTB - Advantages

• Cost Efficiency:
• Less expensive than FTTH due to reduced fiber installation in individual units.
• Significant cost savings in multi-dwelling units where extensive fiber installation might be
prohibitively expensive.
• Easier Installation:
• Fiber installation is limited to the building's central distribution point, simplifying the deployment
process.
• Involves less disruption compared to running fiber to every individual unit.
• High-Speed Internet:
• Provides high-speed broadband access to multiple users within a building.
• Suitable for dense residential or commercial areas where high-speed access is essential.
• Flexibility:
• Compatible with existing infrastructure (e.g., coaxial cables for data distribution).
• Allows for various types of internal distribution methods.
FTTB - Disadvantages

• Shared Bandwidth:
• Internet bandwidth is shared among multiple users within the building.
• Performance may degrade during peak usage times or with higher numbers of users.

• Potential for Internal Bottlenecks:

• Internal distribution systems (Ethernet, coaxial) may not fully support the high
speeds provided by the fiber connection.
• Older buildings may face limitations due to existing infrastructure.

• Limited Future Upgradability:

• Once installed, upgrading the system to FTTH in the future may be more complex
and costly.
• The final connection method to individual units may become a limiting factor for
future bandwidth needs.
FTTC - Introduction

• Definition of FTTC:
• FTTC stands for Fiber to the Curb (or Fiber to the Cabinet).
• It involves running optical fiber from the central office to a distribution cabinet or street cabinet located near
the end-users.
• The final connection from the cabinet to individual homes or businesses is typically made using existing
copper infrastructure, such as twisted-pair copper cables (DSL).
• Typical Use Cases:
• FTTC is used in areas where fiber installation directly to homes (FTTH) is impractical or too costly.
• Ideal for urban and suburban areas where the distance from the central office to the street cabinet is
manageable.
• Provides a balance between cost and performance by leveraging existing copper networks for the last mile.
• Benefits of FTTC:
• Cost-Effective:
• Reduces the need for extensive fiber deployment within residential or commercial buildings.
• Improved Speeds:
• Provides faster speeds compared to traditional copper-only DSL connections.
• Quicker Deployment:
• Faster to deploy than FTTH since it leverages existing copper infrastructure.
FTTC - Topology

• Topology Overview:
• FTTC networks involve running optical fiber from the central office to a street or distribution
cabinet located close to end-users.
• The final connection from the cabinet to individual homes or businesses is typically done using
existing copper infrastructure (e.g., twisted-pair cables).
• Diagram Explanation:
• Central Office:
• Hosts the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) that converts electrical signals to optical signals.
• Fiber to the Street Cabinet:
• Optical fiber runs from the central office to a street or distribution cabinet located near the end-users.
• The street cabinet houses optical equipment that converts the optical signals to electrical signals.
• Copper Connection to End-Users:
• The signal is then distributed from the street cabinet to individual homes or businesses using existing
copper cables (DSL).
 FTTC - Network Components

• Optical Line Terminal (OLT):

• Located at the central office.
• Converts electrical signals to optical signals for transmission over the fiber network.
• Manages and controls the connection to the street cabinet.
• Optical Distribution Network (ODN):
• Includes the fiber cables that run from the central office to the street or distribution cabinet.
• Passes the optical signals from the OLT to the cabinet.
• Street or Distribution Cabinet:
• Houses the Optical Network Unit (ONU) that converts optical signals back to electrical signals.
• Distributes the electrical signals to individual homes or businesses through copper cables.
• Typically located on streets or near residential areas for efficient distribution.
• Copper Cables (DSL):
• Connects the street cabinet to individual homes or businesses.
• Utilizes existing twisted-pair copper infrastructure for the final mile of the connection.
• Provides the last leg of the network, converting electrical signals to usable internet, phone, or other
services.
 ONT and ONU

 ONT (Optical Network Terminal)

• Definition: A device that converts optical signals from the fiber optic network into electrical signals that can be used
by home or business devices.
• Location: Typically installed at the end-user's premises (residential or commercial).
• Function: Provides interfaces for various services such as internet, telephone, and sometimes TV. It often includes a
built-in router or gateway to manage these services.
• Role in Network: Acts as the endpoint of the fiber network, delivering services directly to the customer.
 ONU (Optical Network Unit)
• Definition: A device that converts optical signals into electrical signals, similar to an ONT, but can also be used in
various parts of the network.
• Location: Can be installed at the end-user's premises or in a central location within a building or multiple buildings
(e.g., in an apartment complex).
• Function: Primarily serves as an intermediary device that provides connectivity between the fiber network and
customer premises. It might not include integrated services like routing or wireless.
• Role in Network: Often used in multi-dwelling units (MDUs) or central locations to distribute the optical signal to
multiple ONTs or customer devices.
 Key Differences
• Integration: ONTs are often integrated with additional networking functions such as routing and Wi-Fi, while ONUs
are typically more focused on converting and distributing the optical signal.
• Deployment: ONTs are usually at the customer's premises, while ONUs can be located in various points within a
network infrastructure.
FTTx - Infrastructure
FTTC - Advantages

• Cost Efficiency:
• Less expensive than FTTH due to reduced fiber deployment.
• Leverages existing copper infrastructure for the final mile, lowering overall costs.
• Improved Speeds:
• Provides faster speeds compared to traditional copper-only connections.
• Suitable for high-speed internet services without requiring full fiber deployment.
• Faster Deployment:
• Quicker to deploy than FTTH since it only requires fiber to the street cabinet and uses
existing copper for the last mile.
• Minimizes disruption compared to installing fiber to every individual premises.
• Increased Reach:
• Extends high-speed internet access to areas where full fiber deployment might be
impractical.
FTTC - Disadvantages

• Shared Bandwidth:
• Bandwidth is shared among multiple users, which can affect performance during peak
times.
• May not meet the high-speed demands of all users, particularly in densely populated
areas.
• Copper Limitations:
• The final copper connection can limit the overall performance compared to FTTH.
• Signal quality and speed are dependent on the quality and length of the existing
copper infrastructure.
• Potential Bottlenecks:
• The street cabinet can become a bottleneck if not adequately sized to handle high
traffic volumes.
• Performance may degrade with increasing user numbers or higher data demands.
 Differences Between FTTH, FTTB, and
FTTC
 1. Definition:
• FTTH (Fiber to the Home): Fiber optic cable extends directly to the individual home or business.
• FTTB (Fiber to the Building): Fiber optic cable extends to a building's central distribution point.
• FTTC (Fiber to the Curb): Fiber optic cable extends to a street or distribution cabinet.
 2. Final Connection:
• FTTH: Direct fiber connection from the distribution point to the home.
• FTTB: Fiber connection from the building's central point to individual units using existing wiring (e.g.,
Ethernet, coaxial).
• FTTC: Fiber connection from the cabinet to individual homes using existing copper cables (e.g., DSL).
 3. Installation Complexity:
• FTTH: High; requires fiber to be installed directly to every unit.
• FTTB: Moderate; requires fiber to be installed to a central point and uses existing internal wiring.
• FTTC: Lower; requires fiber to be installed only to the street cabinet and uses existing copper for final
connection.
 4. Cost:
• FTTH: Highest; due to extensive fiber deployment and installation.
• FTTB: Moderate; cost-effective compared to FTTH due to reduced fiber deployment.
Differences Between FTTH, FTTB, and
FTTC
 5. Speed:
• FTTH: Highest; can provide gigabit or higher speeds directly to homes.
• FTTB: High; limited by the internal distribution method (e.g., Ethernet or coaxial).
• FTTC: Moderate; limited by the copper connection's capability.
 6. Scalability:
• FTTH: Very scalable; can support high bandwidth demands.
• FTTB: Scalable within the building but less flexible for future upgrades.
• FTTC: Limited scalability; future upgrades may require significant changes.
 7. Deployment Time:
• FTTH: Longest; involves extensive fiber installation.
• FTTB: Moderate; involves fiber to the building and then existing wiring.
• FTTC: Quickest; involves minimal fiber deployment and uses existing copper.
 ETTH - Introduction

• Definition of ETTH:
• ETTH stands for Ethernet to the Home.
• A network architecture where Ethernet technology is used to deliver broadband services directly to the end-user’s premises.
• Involves running Ethernet cables from a central distribution point or cabinet directly to individual homes or businesses.
• Typical Use Cases:
• ETTH is commonly used in residential areas and small businesses where high-speed Ethernet connectivity is required.
• Ideal for new developments or areas where Ethernet infrastructure can be easily installed and maintained.
• Provides a cost-effective solution for delivering high-speed internet, voice, and video services.
• Benefits of ETTH:
• High-Speed Internet:
• Delivers high-speed internet access with low latency.
• Simple Architecture:
• Utilizes standard Ethernet technology, which is widely understood and supported.
• Flexibility:
• Easily integrates with existing Ethernet-based networks and equipment.
• Allows for straightforward upgrades and expansion.

• Limitations:
• Limited Reach:
• Suitable mainly for areas where Ethernet can be installed directly; less effective for long-distance or rural areas without existing
infrastructure.
ETTH - Topology

• Topology Overview:
• ETTH (Ethernet to the Home) is a network architecture where Ethernet technology is used to deliver
services directly to the end-user’s premises.
• It involves running Ethernet cables from a central distribution point or cabinet straight to the homes or
businesses.
• Diagram Explanation:
• Central Distribution Point:
• Hosts the Ethernet equipment (e.g., Ethernet switch or router) that manages and distributes network traffic.
• Located centrally to efficiently serve multiple homes or businesses.
• Ethernet Cabling:
• Ethernet cables run from the central distribution point directly to each end-user’s premises.
• Provides high-speed, reliable connectivity with minimal latency.
• End-User Premises:
• Each home or business receives a direct Ethernet connection from the central point.
• Supports high-speed internet, voice, and video services.
 ETTH - Network Components
• Central Distribution Point:
• Ethernet Switch/Router:
• Manages and routes network traffic to and from end-user premises.
• Provides connectivity and handles data traffic, ensuring efficient distribution of internet, voice, and video services.
• Network Interface Equipment:
• Includes any additional hardware needed for network management and signal distribution.

• Ethernet Cabling:
• Category 5e (Cat5e) or Category 6 (Cat6) Cables:
• Used to connect the central distribution point to end-user premises.
• Supports high-speed data transmission with minimal signal degradation.
• Typically installed in a structured cabling system for organized and efficient management.

• End-User Premises Equipment:

• Ethernet Jacks and Wall Plates:
• Installed at the end-user’s premises for Ethernet connectivity.
• Provides the interface for connecting devices to the network.
• Customer Premises Equipment (CPE):
• Includes devices like modems or routers that connect to the Ethernet jack and distribute the network signal within the home or business.
• May also include network switches or access points to extend connectivity.

• Installation and Maintenance:

• Structured Cabling System:
• Ensures organized installation of Ethernet cables, with pathways for running cables and managing connections.
• Testing and Troubleshooting Tools:
 Differences Between FTTx and ETTH

 1. Definition:
• FTTx: General term for fiber deployment strategies including FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, etc.
• ETTH: Specific approach delivering Ethernet services directly to the home or business.
• Comparison: FTTx covers a broader range of deployment options, while ETTH focuses specifically on Ethernet
connectivity.
 2. Deployment Scope:
• FTTx: Includes various types (FTTH, FTTB, FTTC) with different fiber deployment distances.
• ETTH: Limited to Ethernet delivery directly to the end-user’s premises.
• Comparison: FTTx offers more flexible deployment options, while ETTH is more specific and straightforward.
 3. Final Connection:
• FTTx:
• FTTH: Fiber directly to the home.
• FTTB: Fiber to the building, with existing wiring to individual units.
• FTTC: Fiber to the street cabinet, with copper to the home.
• ETTH: Ethernet from the central point directly to the home.
• Comparison: FTTH and ETTH provide direct connections for high-speed service, while FTTB and FTTC involve
intermediate steps and potential speed limitations.
 Differences Between FTTx and ETTH

 4. Speed and Performance:

• FTTx:
• FTTH: Highest speeds and performance.
• FTTB: High speeds, limited by internal wiring.
• FTTC: Moderate speeds, affected by copper quality.
• ETTH: High-speed Ethernet connectivity with minimal latency.
• Comparison: FTTH and ETTH generally offer the best performance, while FTTC and FTTB may have
limitations based on infrastructure.
 5. Cost and Complexity:
• FTTx:
• FTTH: Highest cost and complexity due to extensive fiber installation.
• FTTB: Moderate cost, with fiber to the building and existing wiring.
• FTTC: Lowest cost, using existing copper infrastructure.
• ETTH: Moderate cost, dependent on existing Ethernet infrastructure; simpler compared to FTTH.
• Comparison: FTTC is the most cost-effective, while FTTH is the most expensive. ETTH provides a
balance of cost and simplicity.
Differences Between FTTx and ETTH

 6. Scalability:
• FTTx:
• FTTH: Highly scalable with minimal future changes.
• FTTB: Scalable within the building; limited for building-wide upgrades.
• FTTC: Limited scalability; significant changes needed for expansion.
• ETTH: Scalable by adding or upgrading Ethernet equipment.
• Comparison: FTTH and ETTH offer good scalability, with FTTB and FTTC being more limited.
 7. Deployment Time:
• FTTx:
• FTTH: Longest deployment time due to extensive fiber installation.
• FTTB: Moderate; involves fiber to the building and existing wiring.
• FTTC: Quickest; minimal fiber deployment with existing copper.
• ETTH: Typically quick to deploy with existing Ethernet infrastructure.
• Comparison: FTTC and ETTH generally have shorter deployment times compared to FTTH.
ETTH - Implementation Challenges
and Solutions
 1. Infrastructure Compatibility
• Challenge: Existing buildings may lack necessary Ethernet cabling.
• Solution: Conduct a site survey and install or upgrade Ethernet cabling as needed.
 2. Network Performance
• Challenge: Ensuring high-speed and reliable Ethernet performance.
• Solution: Use high-quality cables (e.g., Cat6 or higher) and implement performance monitoring tools.
 3. Installation Costs
• Challenge: High costs of installing new Ethernet infrastructure.
• Solution: Plan and budget carefully, explore cost-sharing options, and consider phased implementation.
 4. Scalability and Future Upgrades
• Challenge: Need for future network upgrades and increased demand.
• Solution: Design with scalability in mind using modular equipment and infrastructure.
 5. Technical Expertise
• Challenge: Requires specialized knowledge for installation and management.
• Solution: Hire experienced professionals or provide training for in-house staff.
ETTH - Use Cases

• Residential Homes:
• Description: Ideal for delivering high-speed internet, voice, and video services directly to
homes.
• Benefit: Provides reliable and fast connectivity with minimal latency for everyday activities
like streaming, gaming, and remote work.
• Small Businesses:
• Description: Suitable for small offices needing robust and high-speed Ethernet connections.
• Benefit: Supports business applications, VoIP services, and high-speed data transfers,
enhancing productivity.
• New Developments:
• Description: Often used in new residential or commercial developments where Ethernet
infrastructure can be easily integrated.
• Benefit: Enables modern, high-speed connectivity from the outset, attracting tenants or
buyers.
ETTH - Benefits

• High-Speed Connectivity:
• Description: Delivers high-speed Ethernet connections directly to end-users.
• Advantage: Minimizes latency and ensures consistent performance for internet, voice, and video
services.
• Simplicity and Efficiency:
• Description: Utilizes standard Ethernet technology, which is straightforward to install and maintain.
• Advantage: Simplifies network management and troubleshooting compared to more complex fiber
solutions.
• Cost-Effectiveness:
• Description: Often more cost-effective than deploying full fiber networks.
• Advantage: Provides a good balance of performance and cost, especially in areas where Ethernet
infrastructure is already in place.
• Flexibility:
• Description: Easily integrates with existing Ethernet networks and equipment.
• Advantage: Allows for straightforward upgrades and expansion as needed.
 Conclusion

 1. Summary of FTTx and ETTH:

• FTTx Overview:
• Definition: Includes various fiber deployment strategies (FTTH, FTTB, FTTC) that extend fiber to different points in the
network.
• Pros: High speeds (especially FTTH), scalability, and future-proofing.
• Cons: Higher deployment costs, complexity, and time.
• ETTH Overview:
• Definition: Delivers Ethernet services directly to the home or business.
• Pros: High-speed connectivity, cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and flexibility.
• Cons: Limited to existing Ethernet infrastructure, may not match the performance of full fiber solutions in all cases.

 2. Future Outlook:
• FTTx: Continues to evolve with advancements in fiber technology and deployment strategies, offering long-term
benefits and scalability.
• ETTH: Remains a viable and efficient solution where Ethernet infrastructure is feasible, providing a balance of
performance and cost.
 3. Final Thoughts:
• Choosing between FTTx and ETTH depends on specific needs, infrastructure availability, and budget considerations.
• Both technologies play a crucial role in modern network deployments, each offering unique benefits and addressing
different requirements.
Pictures related to FTTx
Picture related to ETTH
 Vendors used by Azerbaijan providers

 1. Huawei
• Used Equipment: FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home) equipment, optical network terminals (OLT, ONU), broadband
routers, switches.
• Providers: Aztelekom, Citynet, KATV1 AiləTV.
 2. ZTE
• Used Equipment: Fiber optic equipment, IPTV service equipment, broadband routers.
• Providers: KATV1 AiləTV, Citynet.
 3. Cisco
• Used Equipment: Routers, switches, security equipment, network management systems.
• Providers: Aztelekom, Baktelecom, Uninet.
 4. Juniper Networks
• Used Equipment: Routers, switches, network security equipment.
• Providers: Aztelekom, Baktelecom, Azerfon (Nar).
 Vendors used by Azerbaijan providers

 5. MikroTik
• Used Equipment: Routers, switches, network management equipment.
• Providers: Baktelecom, Uninet, some small and medium-sized providers.
 6. Alcatel-Lucent
• Used Equipment: FTTH equipment, broadband and network infrastructure technologies.
• Providers: Used in some broadband networks.
 7. Calix
• Used Equipment: FTTH, xDSL, and other broadband network equipment.
• Providers: Used in specific locations, sometimes chosen by regional providers.
 8. Nokia
• Used Equipment: Fiber optic network equipment, broadband technologies.
• Providers: Used by some providers for network expansions and upgrades.
 Elements Used in Network Infrastructures for
FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, and ETTH in Azerbaijan
•FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home)
•Optical Fiber Cables: Deliver network service directly to the customer's home.
•Optical Network Terminal (ONT/ONU): Located at the customer’s home, it converts optical signals to electrical
signals.
•Optical Line Terminal (OLT): Located at the service provider’s central office, it manages multiple ONTs.
•Optical Splitters: Used to split the fiber signal among several customers.
•Network Equipment: Routers, switches, and other devices provide internet service at the customer's home.
•FTTB (Fiber-to-the-Building)
•Optical Fiber Cables: Provide fiber optic connectivity to the building’s entry point.
•Optical Network Terminal (ONT/ONU): Located inside the building, it directs the internet signal to the
building’s internal network equipment.
•Fiber Distributors: Provide fiber optic connections to various floors and sections of the building.
•Ethernet Switches: Distribute network connections to different parts of the building.
•Network Equipment: Routers and other network devices.
 Elements Used in Network Infrastructures for
FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, and ETTH in Azerbaijan

•FTTC (Fiber-to-the-Cabinet)
•Optical Fiber Cables: Provide fiber optic connection to city-level cabinets.
•Street Cabinets: Convert the fiber optic signal to telephone lines or coaxial cables.
•DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer): Aggregates DSL signals and provides
internet service.
•Network Equipment: Routers and modems for user service.

•ETTH (Ethernet-to-the-Home)
•Ethernet Cables: Provide Ethernet connectivity directly to the home.
•Ethernet Modems/Routers: Convert Ethernet signals to internet service.
•Ethernet Switches: Manage network connections and allow more devices to connect.
•Network Equipment: Routers, switches, and other network devices.
 Some Internet Providers in Azerbaijan Using
FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, and ETTH Technologies

1. FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home)
1. Aztelekom: Provides broadband internet service using FTTH technology in urban and rural areas.
2. KATV1 AiləTV: Offers high-speed internet and television services to homes through fiber optic
connections.
3. Citynet: Provides high-speed internet services using FTTH technology.
2. FTTB (Fiber-to-the-Building)
1. Baktelecom: Provides high-speed internet service to buildings using FTTB technology.
2. Uninet: One of the providers offering fiber optic services to buildings.
3. FTTC (Fiber-to-the-Cabinet)
1. Aztelekom: Utilizes FTTC technology for delivering broadband internet services.
2. Baktelecom: Uses FTTC technology through street cabinets.
4. ETTH (Ethernet-to-the-Home)
1. Azerfon (Nar): Provides Ethernet connectivity to customer homes using ETTH technology.
2. Some smaller and regional providers: Apply ETTH technology for their network services.
 OLT, ONT-devices by
vendors
 Single PON GPON OLT

V1600GS-F GPON OLT:

1. Think of it as a central hub for your network. It
manages connections and data flow.
2. It’s a box-type device with one PON (Passive
Optical Network) port.
3. The price is attractive, and it offers strong
performance. Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth:
It supports high-speed data transfer:
Uplink: 1.25 Gbps (gigabits per second)
Downlink: 2.5 Gbps
Ideal Applications:
1. FTTH (Fiber to the Home): Perfect for bringing high-speed internet to residential areas.
2. SOHO (Small Office/Home Office): Great for small businesses or home offices.
3. Small Business Offices: Helps create a stable and efficient network.

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  2 Port EPON OLT
VSOL V1601E02-DP
1. Compact and Cost-Effective:
2. The VSOL V1601E02-DP is designed to be space-saving and budget-
friendly.
3. It won’t take up much room in your setup, and it’s affordable.
EPON OLT:
1. Think of it as the central hub for your
network. It manages connections and data
flow.
2. EPON stands for Ethernet Passive Optical
Network, which is a high-speed fiber-optic
technology.
Features:
1. STP/RSTP/MSTP: These are
protocols that prevent network
loops and ensure stability.
2. IGMP Snooping: Helps manage
multicast traffic efficiently.
3. Port Mirroring: Useful for
monitoring network traffic.

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  V2905H 10G PON ONT:

1. Supercharged device that connects to your

high-speed fiber-optic network.
2. It supports three modes: XG-PON, XGS-PON, and
10G EPON (asymmetric).
3. What matters most is that it delivers ultra-fast
internet—up to 10 gigabits per second (10GE)! Multiple Rate Ethernet Ports:
1. It has ports for both 10GE (super fast) and
regular Gigabit Ethernet (GE).
2. You can connect multiple devices—
computers, smart TVs, gaming consoles

Ideal for Home and Business:

1. Home users get the ultimate
10G experience.
2. Businesses benefit from
reliable, high-speed networking.

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  V2801WT+WiFi4+CATV HGU ONT
1. Imagine it as a smart device that connects to your
high-speed fiber-optic network.
2. It’s designed for telecom operators and small offices
(SOHO).
3. Carrier-Grade FTTH Applications: Perfect for high-
quality internet services.
Features:
1. High-Performance Chip: Think of it as the
engine under the hood—it ensures fast
and reliable performance.
2. WiFi 4 (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n): Provides
wireless connectivity for your devices (like
laptops, phones, and smart TVs).
3. Layer 2/Layer 3 Functions: These are like
the brains of the operation, managing
data flow efficiently.

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