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5.1 Crystal Structure

crystal structure

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5 views

5.1 Crystal Structure

crystal structure

Uploaded by

PRAKASH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

PROF. DR. B. J. LOKHANDE


SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
TYPES OF SOLIDS

• In a Crystalline solid, atoms are arranged in an orderly


manner. The atoms are having long range order.
– Example : Iron, Copper and other metals, NaCl etc.

• In an Amorphous solid, atoms are not present in an


orderly manner. They are randomly arranged.
– Example : Glass
ENERGY AND PACKING
• Non dense, random packing Energy

typical neighbor
bond length

typical neighbor r
bond energy

• Dense, regular packing Ener gy

typical neighbor
bond length

typical neighbor r
bond energy

Dense, regular-packed structures tend to


have lower energy.
SOME DEFINITIONS
Crystalline material is a material comprised of one or many crystals. In crystal,
atoms or ions show a long-range periodic arrangement.

Single crystal is a crystalline material that is made of only one crystal ( no grain
boundaries).

Grains are the crystals in a polycrystalline material.

Polycrystalline material is a material comprised of many crystals (single-crystal


material that has only one crystal).

Grain boundaries are regions between grains of a polycrystalline material.

A unit cell is the smallest part of the unit cell, which when repeated in all three
directions, reproduces the lattice.
UNIT CELLS AND UNIT CELL VECTORS

All unit cells may be described via these vectors and angles.
UNIT CELL OF BCC
LATTICE

•Fe (Up to 9100 C and from 14010C


to Melting Point), W, Cr, V, \
UNIT CELL OF FCC
LATTICE

• Al, Cu, Ni, Fe (9100 C-14010 C)


UNIT CELL OF HEXAGONAL CLOSED PACKED (HCP)

• Zn, Mg
MILLER INDICES
•Miller Indices are used to represent the directions and the
planes in a crystal

•Miller Indices is a group of smallest integers which represent a


direction or a plane

y z
y
z
x
[021]
[111] [1 1 [012]
x 1]
[100]
[110]
b
MILLER INDICES
 Select any point on the direction line other than the origin Find out the
coordinates of the point in terms of the unit vectors along different axes.

 Specify negative coordinate with a bar on top Divide the m by the unit vector
along the respective axis.

 Convert the result into the smallest integers by suitable multiplication or


division.

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