“A picture is worth a thousand

words”.
FIGURE
OF
SPEECH
-we use figures of speech in "figurative
language" to add colour and interest,
and to awaken the imagination.
Figurative language is everywhere, from
classical works like Shakespeare or the
Bible, to everyday speech, pop music
and television commercials. It makes
the reader or listener use their
imagination and understand much more
than the plain words.
Figurative language is the opposite
of literal language. Literal language
means exactly what it says. Figurative
language means something different to
(and usually more than) what it says on
the surface:

He ran fast. (literal)

He ran like the wind. (figurative)
FIGURE OF SPEECH
-is a literary device in which
language is used in an unusual—
or "figured"—way in order to
produce a stylistic effect.
-can be broken into two main
groups: those that play with the
ordinary meaning of words (such
as metaphor, simile, and hyperbole),
and those that play with the
ordinary arrangement or pattern in
which words are written (such
as alliteration, ellipsis,
and antithesis).
-is a phrase or word having different
meanings than its literal meanings.
It conveys meaning by identifying or
comparing one thing to another,
which has connotation or meaning
familiar to the audience. That is why
it is helpful in creating vivid
rhetorical effect.
Some additional key
details about figures
of speech:
• The ancient Greeks and Romans
exhaustively listed, defined, and
categorized figures of speech in
order to better understand how to
effectively use language. The
names of most figures of speech
derive from the original Greek or
Latin.
• Figures of speech that play with
the literal meaning of words are
called tropes, while figures of
speech that play with the order or
pattern of words are
called schemes.
• Figures of speech can take many
forms. A figure of speech can
involve a single word, a phrase, an
omission of a word or phrase, a
repetition of words or sounds, or
specific sentence structures.
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
FIGURE OF
SPEECH
1. SIMILE
It is a type of comparison between things or objects
by using “as” or “like.”

Examples:
My heart is like a singing bird
Whose nest is in a water’d shoot;
My heart is like an apple-tree
My heart is like a rainbow shell…
2. METAPHOR
Is comparing two unlike objects or things, which
may have some common qualities.

Examples:
"All the world's a stage.“
"She is doing a tightrope walk with her grades this
semester.“
"You light up my life.“
“Heart of stone”
“Time is money”
3. PERSONIFICATION
A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or
abstraction is endowed with human qualities or
abilities.
Examples:
“That kitchen knife will take a bite out of your hand
if you don't handle it safely.”
“The flowers nodded”
“Snowflakes danced”
“Thunder grumbled”
“Fog crept in”
“The wind howled”
4. HYPERBOLE
Uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

Examples:
“I've told you a hundred times”
“It cost a billion dollars”
“I could do this forever”
“She is older than dirt”
“Everybody knows that”
“I have a ton of things to do when I get home.”
5. ONOMATOPOEIA
Is a word that sounds like what it is describing.

Examples:
“Whoosh”
“Splash”
“Buzz”
“Click”
“Oink”
“Crackle”
6. OXYMORON
Is two contradictory terms used together

Examples:
“Peace force”
“Jumbo shrimp”
“Small crowd”
“Act naturally”
“Living dead”
7. ALLITERATION
The repetition of an initial consonant sound

Examples:
“She sells seashells by the seashore.”
"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.“
“Spongebob Squarepants”
“Mickey Mouse”
“Donald Duck”
 8. ASSONANCE
Is the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are
close together.

Examples:
A – “For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named
Lenore.” (Poe)
E – “Therefore all seasons shall be sweet to thee” (Coleridge)
I – “From what I've tasted of desire, I hold with those who
favor fire” (Frost)
O – “Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn”
(Wordsworth)
U – “Uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” (Poe)
 9. IRONY
The expression of one's meaning by using language
that normally signifies the opposite, typically for
humorous or emphatic effect.

Examples:

A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking tickets.
The Titanic was said to be unsinkable but sank on its first
voyage.
The audience knows the killer is hiding in a closet in a scary
movie but the actors do not.
 10. PUN
Is a joke that makes a play on words. It is also
called as paronomasia that uses words that have
several meanings or words that sound similar but
have different meanings.
Examples:

“She had a photographic memory but never developed it.”

“I was struggling to figure out how lightning works then it
struck me.”
“Always trust a glue salesman. They tend to stick to their
word.”
 11. SYNECDOCHE
is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that
refers to a part of something is substituted to stand
in for the whole, or vice versa.

Examples:

“All hands on deck”-stands in for the whole crew

“Boots on the ground”—refers to soldiers
“New wheels”—refers to a new car
“Ask for her hand”—refers to asking a woman to marry
“Suits”—can refer to businesspeople
“Plastic”—can refer to credit cards
 12. METONYMY
is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a
thing with the name of something else with which it
is closely associated.

Examples:

“wheel” – stands for the whole car

“The pen is mightier than the sword.” (Pen refers to written
words, and sword to military force.)
“The Oval Office was busy in work.” (The Oval Office is a
metonymy, as it stands for people who work in the office.)
“Let me give you a hand.” (Hand means help.)
 13. PARADOX
A statement that appears to contradict itself.

Examples:

"This is the beginning of the end.“

“You can save money by spending it.”
“I know one thing; that I know nothing.”
 14. ANAPHORA
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the
beginning of successive clauses or verses.

Examples:

“Unfortunately, I was in the wrong place at the wrong time on

the wrong day.”
“Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and
better.”
“My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my
inspiration.”
 14. APOSTROPHE
Directly addressing a nonexistent person or an
inanimate object as though it were a living being.

Examples:

"Oh, you stupid car, you never work when I need you to," Ann
sighed.
“Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.”
 15. PATHETIC FALLACY
is a literary device that attributes human qualities
and emotions to inanimate objects of nature.

Examples:

“I wandered lonely as a cloud

“That floats on high o’er vales and hills,” (The poet describes
clouds as lonely, in order to describe his own state.)
 16. EPIPHANY
is a term in literary criticism for a sudden realization,
a flash of recognition, in which someone or
something is seen in a new light.

Examples:

“In the middle of a typical argument with his wife, a man

realizes he has been the one causing every single argument,
and that in order to keep his marriage, he must stop being
such an aggressive person.”
 17. ANAGRAM
is a type of word play in which the letters of a word
or phrase are rearranged to create new words and
phrases.

Examples:

“A gentleman” –> “Elegant man”

“The eyes” –> They see
“Election results” –> Let’s recount
 18. CHIASMUS
comes from a Greek word meaning “crossed,” and it
refers to a grammatical structure that inverts a
previous phrase. That is, you say one thing, and then
you say something very similar, but flipped around.

Examples:
“Don’t sweat the petty things, and don’t pet the sweaty.”
“Live simply so that others might simply live.”
“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can
do for your country.”
 19. EPIGRAM
is a short but insightful statement, often in verse
form, which communicates a thought in a witty, or
funny way.

Examples:
“There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked
about, and that is not being talked about.”
“Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes.”
 20. CLICHÉ
(pronounced ‘klee-SHAY’) is a saying, image, or idea
which has been used so much that it sounds terribly
uncreative.

Examples:
“Diamond in the rough“: something or somebody with a lot of
potential.
“Going bananas!”: going crazy.
“Easy as pie“: very easy.
“Cold as ice“: very cold or not friendly.
“Take a chill pill“: to relax.
“Don’t judge a book by its cover“: don’t judge something
based on its appearance.
 21. EPISTROPHE
(pronounced ih-pis-truh-fee) is when a certain
phrase or word is repeated at the end of sentences
or clauses that follow each other.

Examples:
“Last week, he was just fine. Yesterday, he was just fine. And
today, he was just fine.”
“I’m tired of this job. I’m over this job. I’m done with this job!”
“The award for best hair went to Josh. The award for most
likely to succeed went to Josh. And the award for most
charming? It went to Josh!”
 22. ALLUSION
(pronounced ah-LOO-zhun) is basically a reference
to something else.

Examples:
“I didn’t have any bus fare, but fortunately some good
Samaritan helped me out!”
“You’re acting like such a Scrooge!”
 23. REPETITION
is the repeating of a word or phrase.

Examples:
“One, but not two; three, but not four; five, but not six.”
“Why, why, why?!”
“She looked to the left, she looked to the right, she
looked straight ahead.”
 24. CONNOTATION
is a feeling or idea or series of words that can have
the same basic definitions, but completely different
connotations.

Examples:
Hobbes: Why are you digging a hole?
Calvin: I am looking for buried treasure!
Hobbes: What have you found?
Calvin: A few dirty rocks, a weird root, and some disgusting
grubs.
Hobbes: On your first try??
Calvin: There’s treasure everywhere!
 25. DENOTATION
(pronounced dee-noh-tey-shuh n) is a word’ or
thing’s literal or main definition.

Examples:
The blueberry is very blue. --- Susie is very blue.
You are barking up the wrong tree, Buddy!
26. ELLIPSIS
1. When it is a written symbol that appears as a sequence
of dots, usually three (…), they will indicate that parts of a
word or sentence have been omitted. These are called
ellipsis points.

2. The use of ellipsis can also be more stylistic. This is

when a word or phrase is left out, or omitted, from a
sentence. The words omitted may be necessary to make a
sentence syntactically correct but they are not necessary
for a reader to fully understand the sentence’s meaning.
Examples:

“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought

forth…the proposition that all men are created equal.”
“In the baseball game, our team scored four homeruns,
the other team, only two…”
“. . . One autumn night, five years before, they had been
walking down the street when the leaves were falling,
they came to a place where there were no trees and the
sidewalk was white with moonlight.”
(Chapter 6)
27. SOLILOQUY
(pronounced so-LILL-oh-kwee) is a kind of monologue,
or an extended speech by one character. In a soliloquy,
though, the speech is not given to another character,
and there is no one around to hear it. Instead of
another character, the soliloquy is delivered to a
surrogate, to the audience, or to no one in particular.
Examples:
“Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your songs?”
(William Shakespeare, Hamlet)
“Man, am I really talking to my hamster right now?”
 28. PARALLELISM
is when phrases in a sentence have similar or the same
grammatical structure.
Examples:
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out
the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-
evident, that all men are created equal.”
“I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the
sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave
owners will be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood.”
“I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a
state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the
heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom
and justice.”
 29. EUPHEMISM
are polite, mild phrases which substitute unpleasant
ways of saying something sad or uncomfortable.
(pronounced yoo-fuh-miz-uhm) is derived from the
Greek phrase euphēmismos, meaning “to sound good.”

Examples:
“We have to let you go, Tyler.”
“She’s a curvy woman.”
“He was sent to a correctional facility.”
 30. ANTITHESIS
literally means “opposite” – it is usually the opposite of
a statement, concept, or idea. In literary analysis, an
antithesis is a pair of statements or images in which the
one reverses the other.

Examples:
“That’s one small step for a man – one giant
leap for mankind.” (Neil Armstrong, 1969)
“To err is human; to forgive, divine.” (Alexander Pope)
 31. UNDERSTATEMENT
presents a situation or thing as if it is less important or
serious than it is in reality.

Examples:
A camper describes the weather:
“The storm brought us a little bit of rain today.”
A girl describes her friends:
“The whale is not very thin.”
 32. EPITHET
(pronounced ep–uh-thet) is derived from the Greek
phrase epitithenai, meaning “to add” or “to put on.”

Examples:
Daddy Longlegs ----- Opiliones spiders
Man’s best friend ----- Dog
“The King of Rock and Roll” or simply “The King.” ----- Elvis
Presley
33. HOMOPHONE
It’s when two or more words have the same sound, but
different meanings. They may be spelled the same or
differently.
Homophones but not homonyms
To, too, two
Examples: Their, there, they’re
Bear, bare
Fair, fare
Homophones and homonyms
Rose (flower), rose (past tense of “rise”)
Bat (animal), bat (baseball)
Bear (animal), bear (verb)
Fair (festival), fair (equal)
 34. EPITAPH
is a short statement about a deceased person, often
carved on his/her tombstone. It can be poetic,
sometimes written by poets or authors themselves
before dying. Comes from the Greek
phrase epitaphios meaning “funeral oration.”

Examples:

Beloved mother and wife

Death is the golden key that opens the palace of Eternity.
Always in our hearts
 35. ANTIMETABOLE
Antimetabole is derived from a Greek word which
means “turning about.” It is a literary term or device
that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order.
Examples:
“You like it; it likes you.”
“Fair is foul and foul is fair.”
“Eat to live, not live to eat.” – Socrates
“I go where I please, and I please where I go.” – Attributed to
Duke Nukem
“In America, you can always find a party. In Soviet Russia,
Party always finds you!” – Yakov Smirnoff
“If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.”
 36. ASYNDETON
(pronounced uh–sin-di-ton) is skipping one or more
conjunctions (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet) which are
usually used in a series of phrases. It is also known as
asyndetism. This word is derived from the Greek phrase
asyndetos meaning “unconnected.”

Examples:

After seeing all the evidence, I agree. They disagree.

Friends for now, forever.
We went to the park, played on the jungle gym, ran around,
had a picnic… That was about it!
37. CACOPHONY

If we speak literally, cacophony points to a situation in

which there is a mixture of harsh and inharmonious
sounds. In literature, however, the term refers to the use
of words with sharp, harsh, hissing, and unmelodious
sounds – primarily those of consonants – to achieve
desired results.
Example:

” ‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves

Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogoves,an
And the mome raths outgrabe.

“Beware the Jabberwock, my son!

The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
The frumious Bandersnatch!”

Through the Looking-Glass, and What

Alice Found There (By Lewis Carroll)
38. EUPHONY
The literary device euphony is derived from the Greek
word euphonos, which means “sweet-voiced.” It can be
defined as the use of words and phrases that are
distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody
or loveliness in the sounds they create. It gives pleasing
and soothing effects to the ear due to repeated vowels and
smooth consonants. It can be used with other literary
devices like alliteration, assonance and rhyme to create
more melodic effects. Examples of euphony are commonly
found in poetry and literary prose.
Example:

“‘Courage!’ he said, and pointed toward the land,

‘This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon.’
In the afternoon they came unto a land
In which it seemed always afternoon.
All round the coast the languid air did swoon,
Breathing like one that hath a weary dream.
Full-faced above the valley stood the moon;
And like a downward smoke, the slender stream
Along the cliff to fall and pause and fall did seem.”

The Lotos-Eaters (By Alfred Lord Tennyson)

39. FORESHADOWING
is a literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of
what is to come later in the story. It often appears at the
beginning of a story, or a chapter, and helps the reader
develop expectations about the coming events in a story.
Examples:

1. The final graveyard flower is blooming, and its smell

drifts through their house, speaking gently the names of
their dead.
(Foreshadows death)
2. The evening was still. Suddenly, a cool breeze started
blowing and made a windy night.
(Foreshadows thunderstorm)
3. The most awful thing happened on a stormy evening,
The battle between good and evil started.
(Foreshadows danger)
4. Mary pulled back the curtains and saw some magpies
sitting on the wall.
(Foreshadows gossip)
5. They thought there would not be more bodies; however,
they could not believe the thought.
(Foreshadows murder)
6. An old man opens his drawer to find a magnifying glass,
and sees a revolver.
(Foreshadows warning)
7. In the middle of the night, the father hears the back
door opening. He rushes to check on his kids, but a
masked intruder is blocking the way with a knife.
(Foreshadows threat)
8. Rainbow sparks,
With shining lights.
(Foreshadows optimism)
9. Inhale fresh air, exhale bad breath.
(Foreshadows new ideas)
10. Michael sees his own face under Donavan’s mask.
(Foreshadows Donavan is his father)
 40. COLLOQUIALISM
is the use of informal words, phrases, or even slang in a
piece of writing. Colloquial expressions tend to sneak in as
writers, being part of a society, are influenced by the way
people speak in that society. Naturally, they are bound to
add colloquial expressions to their vocabulary.
Examples: Bamboozle – to deceive
Bo bananas, or go nuts – go insane or be very
angry
Wanna – want to Be blue – to be sad
Gonna – going to
Y’all – you all
Buzz off – go away
41. ARCHAISM
is the derivative of the Greek word archaïkós, which means
“beginning,” or “ancient.” It is a figure of speech in which a
used phrase or word is considered very old fashioned and
outdated. It can be a word, a phrase, a group of letters,
spelling, or syntax.
Examples:

“Perhaps he loves you now,

And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch
The virtue of his will

There; my blessing with thee!

And these few precepts in thy memory
Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue …

I find thee apt;

And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed
That rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf,
Wouldst thou not stir in this …”

Hamlet (By William Shakespeare)

“Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind; …

Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hook

And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook; …
Thou watchest the last oozings, hours by hours.”

Ode to Autumn (By John Keats)

42. EULOGY
Known as homily, the term eulogy originates from the
Greek word eulogia, which means “to praise” somebody or
something. A eulogy is a literary device that is a laudatory
expression in a speech, or a written tribute to a person
recently deceased. We can say, it is a commendation or high
praise intended to give honor, generally to a dead family
member or loved one, or it is a tribute given to a dead
person at his or her funeral.
Examples:

“O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,

The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we
sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all
exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim
and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart! …”

O Captain, O Captain (By Walt Whitman)

“I thought of Thee, my partner and my guide,
As being past away.—Vain sympathies! …
Still glides the Stream, and shall for ever glide;
The Form remains, the Function never dies;
While we, the brave, the mighty, and the wise,
We Men, who in our morn of youth defied
The elements, must vanish;—be it so! …”
Through love, through hope, and faith’s transcendent
dower,
We feel that we are greater than we know.”

After Thought (By William Wordsworth)

43. SYNESTHESIA
refers to a technique adopted by writers to present ideas,
characters, or places in such a manner that they appeal to
more than one sense, like hearing, sight, smell, and touch at
a given time.

Examples:
“Back to the region where the sun is silent.” - The Divine Comedy (By Dante
Alighieri)

“Tasting of Flora and the country green,

Dance, and Provencal song, and sun burnt mirth!” - Ode to a Nightingale (By John
Keats)
44. SESQUIPEDALIAN
Sesquipedalian is derived from the Latin
word sesquipedalis, which means the words are a foot and
a half long. It is a stylistic device, defined as the use of
words that are very long and have several syllables. In other
words, sesquipedalian writing or speech involves the
overuse of long syllabic (multisyllabic) words, or excessive
use of extraordinarily long words.
Examples:

““Enter RIGDUM-FUNNIDOS,
and Aldiborontiphoscophornio.
Rigdum-Funnidos.
Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left
you Chrononhotonthologos?…
King.
Peace Coward! were they wedg’d like Golden Ingots,
pent so close, as to admit no Vacuum.
One look from Chrononhotonthologos
Shall scare them into Nothing. RigdumFunnidos,
Bid Bombardinion draw his Legions forth,
And meet us in the Plains of Queerumania.”

Chrononhotonthologos (By Henry Carey)

“Cost. O! they have lived long on the alms basket of
words. I marvel thy master hath not eaten thee for a
word; for thou art not so long by the head
as honorificabilitudinitatibus: thou art easier swallowed
than a flap-dragon…”

Love’s Labour’s Lost (By William Shakespeare)

45. NON SEQUITUR
is a literary device that includes statements, sayings, and
conclusions that do not follow the fundamental principles
of logic and reason. They are frequently used in theater and
comedies to create comedic effect.

Examples:

“Business is business, and a cup of tea is a cup of tea.”

“All humans have bones. Crocodiles have bones. Therefore, crocodiles
are humans.”
“If Charles is right, then Diana is right. As Diana is right, therefore,
Charles is right.”
46. TAUTOLOGY
is the repetitive use of phrases or words that have similar
meanings. In simple words, it is expressing the same thing,
an idea, or saying, two or more times. The word tautology is
derived from the Greek word tauto, meaning “the same,”
and logos, meaning “a word or an idea.” A grammatical
tautology refers to an idea repeated within a phrase,
paragraph, or sentence to give an impression that the
writer is providing extra information.
Examples:

“To Carthage then I came

Burning burning burning burning.”
The Wasteland (By T. S. Eliot)

Polonious: “What do you read, my lord?”

Hamlet: “Words, words, words.”
Hamlet (By William Shakespeare)

“Keeping time, time, time,

In a sort of Runic rhyme…
From the bells, bells, bells, bells.”

The Bells (By Edgar Allen Poe)

47. TMESIS
is derived from the Greek word tmesis, which means “to
cut.” It is a rhetorical device that involves the breaking
down of a phrase or a word into two parts. In simpler
words, tmesis is an insertion of a word between the parts of
a word, a compound word, or a phrase (phrasal verbs
usually). It is a practice of dividing a phrase or word into its
components by inserting another word in the middle of that
phrase or word. Tmesis is commonly employed in words
that have more than three syllables.
Examples:

“This is not Romeo, he’s some other where.”

Romeo and Juliet (By William Shakespeare)

“That man–how dearly ever parted.”

Troilus & Cressida (By William Shakespeare)

Eliza Dolitttle: “Fan-bloody-tastic” or “abso-blooming-

lutely”

(Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw)

48. SYNCOPE
is a literary device that can be defined as the contraction or
the shortening of a word by omitting sounds, syllables or
letters from the middle of the word, such as bos’n for the
word “boatswain.” Similarly, ne’er for the word “never,”
and fo’c’sle’ for the word “forecastle” are also used. From
these examples, syncope can also be defined as the
dropping of the unstressed vowels, letters, or syllables, or
dropping the consonants from the middle of a word. It can
be found in synchronic analysis and diachronic analysis of
languages.
Examples:

“The road extended o’er the heath

Weary and bleak: no cottager had there
Won from the waste a rood of ground, no hearth
Of Traveller’s half-way house with its turf smoke
Scented the air through which the plover wings
His solitary flight.”

The World Is Too Much with Us (By William Wordsworth)

“This said, his wat’ry eyes he did dismount,
Whose sights till then were levell’d on my face,
Each cheek a river running from a fount,
With brinish current downward flowe’d a pace…”

A Lover’s Complaint (By William Shakespeare)

49. ZEUGMA
from Greek meaning “yoking” or “bonding,” is a figure of
speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective,
applies to more than one noun, blending together
grammatically and logically different ideas.
Examples:
“And all the people saw the thundering, and the lightning, and the
noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the
people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.”
The Holy Bible, Exodus 20:18 (By the Prophet Moses)

“Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.”

Julius Caesar (By William Shakespeare)
50. SIBILANCE
is a literary device where strongly stressed consonants are
created deliberately by producing air from vocal tracts
through the use of lips and tongue. Such consonants
produce hissing sounds. However, in poetry, it is used as a
stylistic device, and sibilants are used more than twice in
quick succession. Most of the times, the “s” sound is the
sibilant.
Examples:

“SEASON of mists and mellow fruitfulness,

Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.”

Ode to Autumn (By John Keats)

“As whence the sun ‘gins his reflection
Shipwracking storms and direful thunders break,
So from that spring whence comfort seemed to come
Discomfort swells. Mark, King of Scotland, mark:
No sooner justice had, with valor armed…
But the Norweyan lord, surveying vantage,
With furbished arms and new supplies of men…
Till seven at night. To make society
The sweeter welcome, we will keep ourselves
Till suppertime alone. While then, God be with you!”

Macbeth (By William Shakespeare)

END 