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Week 1 The Subjunctive Form 2

القراه والتفكير النقدي

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15 views

Week 1 The Subjunctive Form 2

القراه والتفكير النقدي

Uploaded by

RrEeHhAa20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced

Grammar
Dr. Amani Aburyah
[email protected]
Assessment

Assessment Tasks Week Due Percentage of Total


Assessment Score
Assignments All along 20%
Quiz 1 and 2 Weeks 3, 5, 8 15%
Mid-term Exam Week 6 20%
Participation All along 5%
Final Exam Week 12 40%
Total: 100%
Required
book
Mark Foley & Diane Hall (2003). Advanced
Learners’ Grammar. Longman, Pearson
Education Limited.
The subjunctive
form
Week 1:
The
subjunctive The unreal past
form and the
unreal past Wish/if only
The Subjunctive form

• Uses: The subjunctive form is used in certain fixed expressions and after
some verbs and adjectives which express the idea of necessity or
importance. We use it mostly in formal and literary language.
• Form: the subjunctive form shows NO marking for tense and can be used
to refer to events in the past, present and future. We use it most often in
that clauses
-after certain verbs: e.g. advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend,
request, and suggest

-after adjectives: e.g. advisable, anxious, desirable, eager, important,


necessary, vital, willing
 At yesterday's hearing, the judge insisted that Mr. Smith give evidence to
the court.

 In future cases, it will be vital that each party give full disclosure to trial.

 She suggested that she pay her own way

 We require that all receipts be submitted to the committee for approval.


• We can use passives and negative forms of the subjunctive.
 Members of the committee suggested that England be excluded from
future international tournaments
 Regulations require that officers not enter the crime scene without
protective clothing.
Task 1
The Unreal Past

• Uses: After a number of expression, like if only, we use past tenses (active or passive)
to describe things in the present, past, or future which are imagined or unreal. This use
of past tenses is referred to as the ‘unreal’ past.

• Forms: After some introductory expressions (like: if only, it’s time, what if,
suppose, would rather, would sooner, wish, as if), we use the past simple or past
continuous to talk about the imaginary present or future.
 If only I was thin (=I am not thin but would like to be thin)

 These kids act as if they owned the place. (They don’t own it)

 I wish I were coming with you tomorrow. (I am not coming with you)
• It’s (high/about) time that

- Used to say something is not happing and it should be


 It’s time we left (=we aren’t leaving and we should)

 It’s about time you paid a visit to your grandparents. (=you should
visit them)
 It’s high time that they heard your voice. (=your voice isn’t being
heard and it should be)

• We cannot use a negative after it’s time

❌ It’s time we didn’t stay


• What if, suppose/supposing that

- Used with the past simple or perfect to ask questions about an imaginary
situation in the present or future and its possible consequences.
 Suppose he asked you to marry him, what would you say? (=if he
asked you to marry him, what would you say?)
 Supposing your parents had refused, how would you have felt?

 What if he had been thrown out by the landlords? Where would he


have gone?
• Would rather/ would sooner

- Used with the past simple to describe preferences.


 I’d sooner you gave me a cash refund. (=I would prefer a refund)

- Used as a polite way to give/refuse permission, or make suggestions.


 I’d rather you didn’t smoke in here.

• If the person expressing a preference and the subject of the preference are the
same, we use an infinitive instead of the past tense. Compare:
 We’d sooner you spent your bonus on something useful. (past tense: speaker
and subject are not the same)
 I’d rather spend it on something funny. (infinitive: speaker and subject are the
same)
• As if/as though

- We use the past tense after as if/as though to say that how something
appears now does not match with reality.
 He talks to the children as they were adult.

 They are acting as if nothing had happened.

• We use the present tense after as if/as though to describe how things seem
to appear when there is a possibility the appearance reflects something real.
 He sounds as if he knows what he’s talking about.

 You look as though you haven’t eaten for days


Task 2
Wish/if only

• They can be used with different tenses for different meanings

1. wish/if only + past simple

- Used to express a desire for something to be different in the present.


 I wish I had more free time. (=I don’t have much free time but I would like
some)

- Used for something which is actually impossible


 If only I were young again.
2. wish/if only + past perfect

- Used to express a regret about the past, a wish that something different had
happened.
 I wish that you’d told me about this before I booked the ticket.

 If only he hadn’t been driving so fast!

3. wish/if only + would

- Used to express a desire for someone to change their deliberate behavior in


the present or future.
 I wish you’d stop looking at me like that. It’s terribly distracting.

 I wish you’d stop shouting. I’m not deaf you know.


4. wish/if only + could (have)

- Used to describe something we know is impossible to achieve.


 If only we could see the situation through his eyes. (We can’t)

- could have is used for a regret about the past.


 If only your father could have been there to see it all.
Difference between wish and if only

- If only is more emphatic than wish. Compare:


 If only we’d seen you coming, we might have braked in time. (a regret)

 I wish we’d seen you coming, we would have put out the red carpet. (a
wish)

• -Wish can be followed by that, but if only cannot

❌ If only that you’d told me about it earlier.

✅ I wish that you’d told me about it earlier.


Task 3
Assignments Any questions? Thanks for
listening

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